典型染整企业定型机废气排放特征及潜在环境危害浅析

为探究纺织染整定型过程中产生挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征及潜在环境危害.通过选取浙江省5家典型印染企业为监测对象,分析定型机废气中12种VOCs(如苯系物、甲醛、甲醇等)的实际排放情况,以此为基础初步估算全省定型机废气VOCs的排放量;并通过臭氧产生潜力分析初步评估其对环境产生危害.结果表明,定型机废气中VOCs浓度虽低,但含有1类致癌物苯和甲醛,且最高检出浓度可分别达到1.53 mg·m-3和15.4 mg·m-3,可能产生较为严重的环境和人体健康危害;浙江全省每年由定型机排放的VOCs量介于200.9~2 239.37 t,并且以甲醛为主,约占总量的50%;排放的VOCs可产生臭氧量介于860.4~16 715.5 t之间,年均值为7 729.6 t,主要源于废气中二甲苯、甲醛和甲苯这3种物质,合计可占总量的90%以上.另外,通过简单的估算,行业集聚区绍兴县定型机排放的VOCs产生的O3能够对环境空气质量产生较大的影响,最小贡献率为3.1%.

Study on the Emission Characteristics and Potential Environment Hazards of the Heat-setting Machine of the Typical Dyeing and Finishing Enterprise

To explore the emission characteristics and potential environment hazards of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from the heat-setting machine of the textile dyeing and finishing process, this paper selected five typical printing and dyeing enterprises in Zhejiang province as the monitoring subjects, and analyzed the actual emissions of 12 kinds of VOCs from the heat-setting machine (such as benzene methanol, formaldehyde, etc.), and then preliminarily estimated the emissions of VOCs from heat-setting machines of the whole province. Through analysis of the ozone generating potential, this paper preliminarily evaluated its harm to the environment. The results showed that although the concentration of VOCs was low, it contained benzene and formaldehyde, and the highest detection concentration could reach 1.53 mg·m^-3 and 15.4 mg·m^-3, which might cause serious environmental and human health hazards. Moreover, the VOCs emission from heat-setting machines in Zhejiang province was between 200.9 t·a^-1 and 2239.3 t·a^-1, which was dominated by formaldehyde, accounting for about 50%. The O₃ yield generated from VOCs was between 860.4 t and 16715.5 t, with the average of 7729.6 t. The main contribution of VOCs was xylene, toluene and formaldehyde, which could account for more than 90%. Furthermore, the VOCs emission from heat-setting machines in Shaoxing industry agglomeration area could have great influence on the ambient air quality, especially for the O₃ concentration and the minimum contribution rate was 3.1%.