铅元素人为循环环境释放物形态分析

环境中铅污染物来自于物质人为循环的环境释放,铅释放物的形态差异意味着其在环境介质中迁移和转化的起始状态不同.确定铅元素人为循环环境释放物的形态,可以为环境风险评估和源头管理提供科学依据.本研究通过追踪铅元素人为循环流动过程,应用物理化学分析方法,辨识生命周期各阶段环境释放物中铅元素的形态,并以2010年为例,定量分析中国铅元素人为循环中环境释放物的形态分布特征.结果表明,2010年中国铅人为循环中环境释放物主要形态表现为PbSO4,约占总量的23.4%;其次是PbO、Pb和PbCO3,共占总释放量的46.2%.国内每消费1 kt精铅,将向环境释放547.9 t的铅,这些环境释放物中73.3%来源于产品使用阶段和废物处置与回收阶段;从形态看,PbSO4占释放物的量为128.2 t,主要来源于生产阶段和废物处置与回收阶段,PbO、Pb和PbCO3则分别主要来源于废物处置与回收、产品使用和生产几个阶段.

Speciation Analysis of Lead Losses from Anthropogenic Flow in China

Lead pollutants in the environment origin from lead losses in the anthropogenic lead cycle, and the diversity of lead loss species indicates different starting points for transferring and transformation in the environmental medium. The knowledge of lead loss species from anthropogenic flow can help lay a scientific and sound foundation for future environmental risk assessment and source management. The anthropogenic lead flow was tracked down in the research, and with the methodology of physical and chemical analysis, the species of lead losses in all life-cycle stages were recognized. The year 2010 was used as a case study for quantitative speciation analysis of total lead losses. It turns out that PbSO₄ is most, which contributes 23.4% of the total losses; followed by PbO, Pb and PbCO₃, and these three species together occupy 46.2%. In addition, for every 1 kt refined lead consumed domestically, lead losses total 547.9 t, of which 73.3% are from use and waste management & recycling. In view of speciation, PbSO₄ is 128.2 t and mainly occurs in production and waste management & recycling; while most PbO, Pb and PbCO₃ are separately from waste management & recycling, use and production.