基于实际道路交通流信息的北京市机动车排放特征

通过模型模拟和调查统计方法获取了北京路网的车流量、车型构成和车速基础数据.基于具有时空分布特征的实际道路交通流信息和排放因子,以Arc GIS为平台构建了北京市机动车尾气排放清单,并分析实际道路排放特征及污染物排放的空间分布特征.结果表明,北京市城区各类型道路上小客车比例均在89%以上,郊区道路也为小客车比例最高,但小货车、中货车、大货车、大客车、拖拉机和摩托车均占一定比例.污染物排放强度与车流量呈正相关性,污染物排放强度总体上呈现白天高夜间底的趋势,但是郊区道路PM排放昼夜变化趋势不明显,高速路的PM排放强度夜间大于白天.污染物排放的空间分布为城区、南部、东南以及东北部接近城区的区域排放强度较高,西部山区及北部山区由于路网密度较小排放强度较低,城区环路和郊区高速公路附近由于车流量大,排放强度较高.

Emission Characteristics of Vehicle Exhaust in Beijing Based on Actual Traffic Flow Information

The basic data of traffic volume, vehicle type constitute and speed on road networks in Beijing was obtained by model simulation and field survey. Based on actual traffic flow information and emission factors data with temporal and spatial distribution features, emission inventory of motor vehicle exhaust in Beijing was built on the ArcGIS platform, meanwhile, the actual road emission characteristics and spatial distribution of the pollutant emissions were analyzed. The results showed that the proportion of passenger car was higher than 89% on each type of road in the urban, and the proportion of passenger car was the highest in suburban roads as well while the pickup truck, medium truck, heavy truck, motorbus, tractor and motorcycle also occupied a certain proportion. There was a positive correlation between the pollutant emission intensity and traffic volume, and the emission intensity was generally higher in daytime than nighttime, but the diurnal variation trend of PM emission was not clear for suburban roads and the emission intensity was higher in nighttime than daytime for highway. The emission intensities in urban area, south, southeast and northeast areas near urban were higher than those in the western and northern mountainous areas with lower density of road network. The ring roads in urban and highways in suburban had higher emission intensity because of the heavy traffic volume.