三峡库区长寿湖水体不同形态汞的空间分布特征

以三峡库区长寿湖为调查对象,采用网格法均匀设点采样分析,并基于Arc GIS地统计模块,研究了长寿湖水体不同形态汞浓度及其空间分布特征.结果表明,长寿湖表层水总汞浓度变化范围为0.50~3.78 ng·L-1,平均值为1.51 ng·L-1;总甲基汞浓度变化范围为0.10~0.75 ng·L-1,平均值为0.23 ng·L-1.表层水体各形态汞的块金效应值分别为总汞50.65%、溶解态汞49.80%、颗粒态汞29.94%和活性汞26.95%,具有中等程度空间自相关性,表明在空间分布上一方面受水体内在属性的影响,另一方面也与渔业养殖、工业活动、农业耕种等人为外源输入干扰因素有关.表层水体溶解态甲基汞块金效应值3.49%,小于25%,表现很强的空间自相关性,其分布主要受到水体内在环境因素等的控制.各采样点水体总甲基汞占总汞的比例均较高,均达到淡水湖泊和河流中总甲基汞占总汞的质量分数上限值30%,暗示长寿湖水体内在环境条件利于汞的甲基化.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Different Species Mercury in Water Body of Changshou Lake in Three Gorges Reservoir Region

An investigation on the concentrations and the spatial distribution characteristics of different species of mercury in the water body of Changshou Lake in Three Gorges Reservoir region was carried out based on the ArcGIS statistics module. The results showed that the concentration of the total mercury in Changshou Lake surface water ranged from 0.50 to 3.78 ng·L^-1, with an average of 1.51 ng·L^-1; the concentration of the total MeHg (methylmercury) ranged from 0.10 to 0.75 ng·L^-1, with an average of 0.23 ng·L^-1. The nugget effect value of total mercury in surface water (50.65%), dissolved mercury (49.80%), particulate mercury (29.94%) and the activity mercury (26.95%) were moderate spatial autocorrelation. It indicated that the autocorrelation was impacted by the intrinsic properties of sediments (such as parent materials and rocks, geological mineral and terrain), and on the other hand it was also disturbed by the exogenous input factors (such as aquaculture, industrial activities, farming etc). The nugget effect value of dissolved methylmercury (DMeHg) in Changshou lake surface water (3.49%) was less than 25%, showing significant strong spatial autocorrelation. The distribution was mainly controlled by environmental factors in water. The proportion of total MeHg in total Hg in Changshou Lake water reached 30% which was the maximum ratio of the total MeHg to total Hg in freshwater lakes and rivers. It implied that mercury was easily methylated in the environment of Changshou Lake.