田间土壤外源铜镍在小麦中的累积及其毒害研究

通过湖南祁阳和山东德州的田间试验,研究不同水平外源Cu、Ni在酸性和碱性土壤中经过老化之后对小麦的毒害及其在小麦植株内的累积状况.结果表明,小麦籽粒和秸秆的生物量随着土壤中Cu、Ni添加剂量增加而减少.酸性土壤(祁阳,pH 5.31)和碱性土壤(德州,pH 8.90)中外源Cu的对小麦的10%抑制效应含量(EC10)分别为55.7 mg.kg-1和499.6mg.kg-1,外源Cu、Ni在祁阳田间土壤中的毒性显著高于德州田间土壤.随着土壤重金属添加量的增加,Cu在祁阳小麦籽粒中的含量随土壤Cu添加量的增加而增加,后趋于稳定,Ni在德州小麦籽粒中的含量随土壤Ni添加量的增加呈线性增加;德州小麦籽粒中Cu、Ni含量范围分别为6.07～9.26 mg.kg-1和0.53～31.78 mg.kg-1,祁阳小麦籽粒含量分别为5.24～10.52mg.kg-1和0.16～25.33 mg.kg-1.在试验的2种土壤中,外源Cu没有造成小麦的籽粒含量超标,因此,相比食品安全,农田土壤Cu污染的生态风险应优先考虑.

Toxicity and Accumulation of Copper and Nickel in Wheat Plants Cropped on Alkaline and Acidic Field Soils

Field experiments were conducted to study the toxicity of added copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) in soils to wheat and metal accumulation in wheat plants. The results showed that the yields of wheat straw and grain were decreased with the increasing concentration of Cu and Ni added to soils. The added Cu concentrations yielding 10% inhibition of wheat yield (EC10) were 499.6 mg·kg^-1 for alkaline soils (Dezhou, pH 8.90), and 55.7 mg·kg^-1 for acidic soils (Qiyang, pH 5.31). The toxicity of Cu or Ni in acidic soils were significantly higher than that in alkaline soils. With increasing addition of Cu or Ni, the contents of Cu in wheat grains initially increased and then keep at constant level, while the accumulation of Ni in grains linearly increased. The contents of Cu and Ni in Qiyang wheat grains were 6.07-9.26 mg·kg^-1 and 0.53-31.78 mg·kg^-1, and those of in Dezhou were 5.24-10.52 mg·kg^-1 and 0.16-25.33 mg·kg^-1. In both field experimental sites, the contents of Cu in wheat grains meet the national standard for food safety. These findings showed that Cu is more relevant to ecological risk assessments than to food safety assessments for wheat grown in soils that have been contaminated with Cu.