氮在高含沙水向人工浅水湖泊补水期间的变化规律

外来补给水源的水质和作为污染物载体的悬浮颗粒物对人工浅水湖泊的影响备受关注.在2012年4月23～25日东昌湖引黄河水补水期间,从入湖口到出湖口的纵断面5个监测点同步监测流量、泥沙和溶解态氮、颗粒态氮含量,并于23日和26日在整个湖区12个监测点采集水样和底泥样进行不同形态氮含量分析.结果表明,补水导致入湖口附近的流速、悬浮颗粒物含量有明显的上升和回落,但影响范围有限;氮素的空间分布沿入湖湖流方向呈现一定的浓度梯度,入湖口附近水体、悬浮颗粒物和底泥中各形态氮含量比其他湖区高;从入湖口到出湖口的纵断面,补水阶段各种形态氮含量变化幅度依次降低,补水后溶解态和颗粒态总氮含量有不同程度的增加,其中颗粒态总氮增幅较大,受黄河补水影响显著.本次黄河补水氮素以溶解态氮为主,溶解态总氮∶颗粒态总氮=7.3∶1,溶解态氮形态以硝氮为主,颗粒态氮形态以氨氮为主.氨氮受外源补水和悬浮颗粒物吸附沉降影响较大,补水阶段悬浮颗粒物含量与颗粒态氨氮、总氮的相关系数是0.868、0.876,而硝氮受其影响不大.东昌湖底泥氮主要以有机氮形式存在,其输入源是黄河水及泥沙颗粒.

Variation of Nitrogen During the High Suspended Sediments Concentration Water Supply in an Artificial Shallow Lake

The effect of water quality and suspended sediments in the process of water supply is of an increasing concern recently in an artificial shallow lake. The water supply from the Yellow River to Dongchang Lake happened on April 23^rd to 25^th, 2012. The synchronous monitoring of flow velocity, suspended sediment concentration, dissolved nitrogen and particulate nitrogen concentration was conducted during the three days in five monitoring sites of the longitudinal profile from inlet to outlet. The spatio-temporal variation of nitrogen and the relationship between nitrogen concentration and suspended sediment concentration was analyzed. Moreover, the analysis of different nitrogen forms in surface water and bottom sediment was also made in the whole lake before and after the water supply. Results showed that the process of water supplement had an obvious effect on flow velocities and suspended sediment concentrations around the inlet area. The influence area was a limited scope. The spatial distribution of nitrogen presented a certain concentration gradient along the flow direction. Around the water inlet, concentrations of all nitrogen forms in water and bottom sediment was higher than those in other lake zones. The amplitude of variation of all nitrogen concentrations in surface water, suspended sediments showed a decreasing trend from water inlet to outlet. And concentrations of total dissolved and particulate nitrogen increased at different ratios after water supply in the lake. Total particulate nitrogen concentration increase was higher. It revealed the water supply of the Yellow River had a great influence on lake water. The dissolved nitrogen was the main nitrogen form in water supply. The ratio of total dissolved nitrogen to particulate nitrogen was 7.3:1. Nitrate was the primary form in dissolved nitrogen, and ammonium was the primary form in particulate nitrogen, respectively. The correlation between concentration of suspended sediments and ammonium, total nitrogen were notable during the water supply, the correlation coefficient were 0.868 and 0.876. Ammonium was mainly influenced by water supply and adsorption and precipitation of suspended sediments. However, the concentration of nitrate was not influenced. Organic nitrogen was the main form in bottom sediment. It meant that the Yellow River water and suspended sediments were the input sources of nitrogen to Dongchang Lake.