淋洗剂对多金属污染尾矿土壤的修复效应及技术研究

以我国南方某多金属复合污染尾矿土壤为研究对象,对土壤中重金属全量和各形态含量进行分析.通过系列振荡淋洗试验研究了蒸馏水、草酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、硝酸和EDTA对污染土壤的淋洗效果,筛选合适的淋洗剂及其最佳的液土比、液洗时间、淋洗次数等技术参数,并提出利用综合毒性消减指数来综合评价淋洗剂对污染土壤的修复效果.结果表明,该土壤以Cd和Pb污染最为严重,含量分别达52.2 mg.kg-1和4 836.5 mg.kg-1;淋洗剂对土壤中不同重金属元素的淋洗效果差异明显,其中对Cr的去除率最高仅为2.7%,而最多能去除约60%的Cd和Pb;蒸馏水对重金属几乎没有脱除效果,去除率都在0.1%以下,草酸和乙酸对重金属的去除率也较低,0.1 mol.L-1的EDTA是适合的高效淋洗剂;基于综合毒性消减指数和经济成本,选择在1∶6土水比2次淋洗3 h的技术条件.

Research on the Effect and Technique of Remediation for Multi-Metal Contaminated Tailing Soils

Soil samples were collected from compound polluted tailings to analyze the contents of total heavy metals and their speciation in the soil. Laboratory batch tests were conducted to examine the effects of distilled water and different concentrations of oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, HNO₃ and EDTA on the removal of heavy metals from the polluted soils. The suitable eluent and its optimal conditions including liquid to soil ratio, reaction time and washing number were also optimized, and the total toxicity reduction index was proposed to evaluate the effect of the eluent on the remediation of polluted soil. The results showed that Cd and Pb were the most abundant heavy metals in the soil, reaching 52.2 mg ·kg^-1 and 4836.5 m ·kg^-1, respectively. There was significant difference in the removal efficiency for different heavy metals. Cr had a maximum removal efficiency of 2.7%, while the maximum Cd and Pb removal efficiency was both about 60%. Distilled water had little removal efficiency for heavy metals, with less than 0.1% removal rate; the heavy metal removal efficiency of oxalic acid and acetic acid was also quite low; EDTA in 0.1 mol ·L^-1 was selected as the suitable eluent for the polluted soil. Evaluation of the total toxicity reduction index and the cost suggested that EDTA should be used with a liquid to soil ratio of 6:1, a reaction time of 3 h and 2 washings.