超积累植物龙葵及其对镉的富集特征

超积累植物筛选是重金属污染土壤植物提取修复的基础和核心问题,同时也是污染环境植物修复的难点及前沿.杂草具有抗逆境能力强、生长迅速、繁殖能力强以及在环境条件适宜情况下生物量能够急剧提高等特点,可以弥补现有超积累植物的某些缺点和不足,是较理想的超积累植物资源.本文通过室外盆栽模拟试验及重金属污染区采样分析试验,首次发现并证实杂草龙葵(Solanumnigrum L .)是一种Cd超积累植物.其中,盆栽试验表明,在Cd污染水平为25mg/kg条件下,龙葵茎及叶的Cd含量分别超过了100mg/kg这一公认Cd超积累植物应达到的临界含量标准,其地上部Cd含量大于其根部Cd含量,且地上部Cd富集系数大于1 ,同时,与对照相比,植物的生长未受到抑制.污染区采样分析试验进一步表明,龙葵对Cd的富集符合Cd超积累植物的基本特征.这一通过未污染区对超积累植物进行筛选的方法,可以为Cd污染土壤的植物修复获得更多具有实用价值的新材料.

Cadmium-Hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L. and Its Accumulating Characteristics

It is main groundwork and the first step of phytoextraction of its commercial application on a large scale to screen out a series of ideal hyperaccumu lators that can effectively remedy contaminated soil by heavy metals, which is also difficult point and front field of contaminated environment phytoremediation. With the properties of strong endurance to adverse environment, fast growing and high reproduction, especially the characteristic of the biomass could increase sharply under feasible environmental factors, weed can supply a gap of discovered hyperaccumulating plants, so it is a kind of ideal remediative resource. A cadmium-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.(weed) was first discovered by using the pot-culture method arranged in outdoor and sampling-analyzing experiments carried out in heavy metal contaminated areas. The pot-culture experiments show that the average concentration of Cd in stems and leaves of S.nigrum growing in soil added with 25 mg/kg of Cd were all greater than the accepted critical concentration of 100 mg/kg what Cd hyperaccumulator should accumulate. The Cd concentration in its overground parts was higher than that in its roots, and the Cd accumulation coefficient in its overground parts was higher than 1 too. Compared with the control, the overground biomass of S. nigrum under the condition of 25 mg/kg (Cd) was not decreased significantly. Furthermore, it was also confirmed that S. nigrum had basic characteristics of Cd-hyperaccumulator by sample-analyze experiment in contaminated area with heavy metals. This kind of method of identifying hyper accumulators in a clean area is useful to the discovery of materials applied to the phytoremediation of contaminated soils with Cd.