厦门市道路灰尘中铂族元素的污染特征

鉴于铂族元素(PGEs)对生态环境和人体健康的潜在危害,对厦门市道路灰尘中PGEs的浓度水平和分布特征进行研究.于2012年10月采集城区主干道、隧道、旅游区和工业区的道路灰尘样品,经王水微波消解及阳离子交换树脂(Dowex AG50W-X8)分离纯化后,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行测定.结果表明,厦门城区主干道道路灰尘中钯(Pd)、铂(Pt)和铑(Rh)的平均浓度(范围)分别为:246.82(58.68~765.52)、95.45(42.14~371.36)和51.76(21.04~119.72)ng·g-1,均比地壳丰度值高出两个数量级.与国内外其它城市相比,厦门城区道路灰尘中Pd、Pt和Rh浓度均处于较高污染水平.不同功能区道路灰尘PGEs含量分布为:隧道城区工业区旅游区,其分布特征主要受机动车流量的影响.PGEs元素之间的相关性分析结果显示Pd与Rh的相关性较大,而Pt与Pd、Rh的相关系数均较小,说明除了机动车排放以外,可能存在其他的污染来源.旅游区禁止机动车行驶,但仍检出较高含量的PGEs,说明周边地区道路灰尘中PGEs可通过大气扩散作用进行迁移.

Pollution Characteristics of Platinum Group Elements in Road Rust in Xiamen

With the potential risks for the environment and human health, the concentration and distribution characteristics of platinum group element(PGEs) in road dust in Xiamen city were investigated. Road dust samples were collected from the traffic trunk road, tunnel, tourism area, and industrial area of Xiamen on October 2012. The samples were digested with aqua regia in a microwave assisted digestion system under high pressure condition, separated and purified with cation exchange resin(Dowex AG50W-X8), and the resulting solutions were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). The results showed that the average concentrations(range) of Pd, Pt and Rh in road dust were 246.82(58.68-765.52) ng·g^-1, 95.45(42.14-371.36) ng·g^-1 and 51.76(21.04-119.72) ng·g^-1, respectively, which were two orders of magnitude higher than the background values. Compared with other cities worldwide, the concentrations of Pd, Pt and Rh in road dust in Xiamen were at higher levels. The concentrations of PGEs for different functional areas were listed in the following order: tunnel>urban district>industrial area>tourism area, which indicated that their spatial distributions were mainly affected by the traffic intensity. Correlation analysis results showed that concentration of Pd in the urban traffic artery was significantly correlated with Rh, while Pt was not so correlated with Pd and Rh, suggesting that other sources contributed to PGEs in road dust in addition to the vehicle emission. Although motor vehicle traveling was banned in tourist area, the concentration of PGEs was still at a high level. Some of them might originate from the road dust in surrounding area by atmosphere diffusion.