西安市高校校园地表灰尘重金属污染来源解析

采集西安市高校校园地表灰尘样品,利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定样品中Mn、As、Pb、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、V和Zn的含量,运用富集因子法判断各元素的富集程度并初步判断污染来源,然后利用R语言和SPSS进行聚类分析和主成分分析对污染来源进行识别.结果表明,所测重金属元素的平均含量均高于陕西省表层土壤背景值.灰尘中Mn、Co、As、V和Ni富集程度低,受到人为干扰影响小; Cr与Cu呈中度富集,Zn与Pb为显著富集,人类活动对这4种元素富集起主要作用.灰尘中重金属Mn、Co、As、V和Ni的主要来源为自然源; Zn、Cr和Pb主要来自交通源;而Cu的富集则主要源于汽修行业和油漆涂料.

Pollution and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal in Surface Dust from Xi'an University Campuses

Surface dust samples were collected from university campuses in Xi''an, and X-ray fluorescent spectrometry was used to determine the contents of nine heavy metals (Mn, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, V, and Zn). Enrichment factors were subsequently used to determine the enrichment degree of each element and the preliminary determination of the pollution sources. The R programming language and SPSS were used for cluster analysis and principal components analysis to identify the pollution sources. The results showed that the average concentrations of all nine heavy metal elements were higher than their surface soil background values in Shaanxi Province; however, Mn, Co, As, V, and Ni exhibited relatively little enrichment and were less affected by human interference. Cr and Cu were moderately enriched, whereas Zn and Pb were significantly enriched, and human activities played a major role in the enrichment of these four elements. The main sources of Mn, Co, As, V, and Ni in surface dust samples from the university campuses were natural sources, whereas the accumulation of Zn, Cr, and Pb were mainly due to traffic sources, and Cu originated both from the auto repair industry and from paint coatings.