华中地区黄冈市一次重度污染期间PM2.5中12种微量元素特征及来源解析

为了给华中地区大气污染防制提供数据和理论支持,于2018年1月13～24日的一次重度污染期间,利用颗粒物中流量采样器采集黄冈市大气PM_(2.5)样品48个,运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对样品中Li、 Be、 V、 Se、 Sr、 Mo、 Ag、 Ba、 Tl、 Th、 Bi和U这12种元素进行分析,基于正定矩阵因子分析法(PMF)对此次污染来源进行分析,并结合后向轨迹模式中的聚类分析法、潜在源分析法(PSCF)和浓度权重分析法(CWT)分析了黄冈市此次PM_(2.5)外来输送通道及潜在源分布情况.结果表明,此次污染内因是静稳高湿气象条件的出现,外因是污染的输入,总共有5种污染源,分别为燃料燃烧源(10.59%)、地壳源(24.22%)、工业源(3.16%)、燃煤源(47.57%)和交通源(14.45%).主要的气流轨迹类型有两种,短距离传输占比62.50%,长距离传输占37.50%.本次污染贡献较大的区域有湖北的中东部、湖南的东北部、安徽的西南部以及河南的南部等地,华中地区存在南北方向的传输通道.除了本地污染之外,区域传输的影响不容忽视,在秋冬季重污染应急响应期间,各地都需要控制好减排措施,联防联控是治理大气污染的关键.

Characteristics and Sources of 12 Trace Amount Elements in PM2.5 During a Period of Heavy Pollution in Huanggang, Central China

This study provides data and theoretical support for the prevention and control of air pollution in central China. From January 13, 2018, to January 25, 2018, 48 PM_2.5 samples were collected in Huanggang by particulate matter samplers during a severe pollution episode. Twelve elements (Li, Be, V, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Ba, Tl, Th, Bi, and U) were analyzed by ICP-MS. A positive definite matrix factor (PMF), trajectory model of the cluster analysis, potential source analysis (PSCF), and the concentration weight analysis method (CWT) were applied to analyze the potential pollution sources and determine the transmission channel. The results showed that the internal cause of the pollution was the appearance of static, stable, and high humidity meteorological conditions, while the external cause was the input of pollution. Five types of pollution source were determined:fuel combustion (10.59%), crustal (24.22%), industry (3.16%), coal (47.57%), and traffic (14.45%). Two main types of air flow path were found; short distance transmission accounted for 62.50% whereas long distance transport accounted for 37.50%. The major contributors to the pollution included central and eastern Hubei, northeastern Hunan, southwestern Anhui, and southern Henan. North-south transmission channels were observed for central China. In addition to local pollution, the impact of regional transmission should not be ignored. In the emergency response period for heavy pollution during the autumn and winter, all regions need to control emission reduction measures. Joint prevention and control are the keys to air pollution control.