汉丰湖正式运行年水体营养盐分布特征

三峡前置库汉丰湖正式运行后,水体由河流形态转变为兼具湖泊、河流特征的特殊形态,导致水体生物地球化学过程发生较大变化.为探究汉丰湖氮磷营养盐时空分布特征及其影响因素,在汉丰湖面设定7个采样点,于2018年1～12月对汉丰湖各点位分层采样,监测营养盐和Chl-a等指标变化.结果表明,汉丰湖上中下层水体垂直混合较均匀,营养盐浓度差异不显著(P0.05).TN浓度在1～9月呈波动减小趋势, 10～12月逐渐增加,月平均浓度为1.52 mg·L~(-1).NO~-_2-N浓度在1～4月波动减小, 5～6月急剧增大, 7～12月波动减小,月平均浓度为0.05 mg·L~(-1).NO~-_3-N浓度表现为1～6月逐渐降低, 7～12月逐渐增加的趋势.NH~+_4-N浓度在7月最高,为0.44 mg·L~(-1),其余月份变化不明显,月平均值为0.09 mg·L~(-1).TP、DP和SRP浓度全年呈现波动变化,增减趋势不明显,其平均浓度分别为0.17、 0.11和0.05 mg·L~(-1).汉丰湖磷盐主要来源于上游的南河和桃溪河,且大体呈现出由上游镇东大丘至下游调节坝递减的趋势.各营养盐中,TP为汉丰湖藻类生长的决定性因子.

Spatial-temporal Distribution of Nutrients in Hanfeng Lake After Official Operation

The hydrograph of Hanfeng Lake, which is the largest pre-dam of theThree Gorges Reservoir, varied between the fluvial stage and lake stage after the lake was officially operated, resulting in large shifts in the aquatic biogeochemical processes. To explore the spatial-temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and identify their influencing factors in Hanfeng Lake, seven sampling sites were set up to monitor the changes of nutrients and other water indicators at different water depths monthly from January to December 2018. The results showed that completely vertical mixing across water profiles was observed. The nutrient concentrations were not significantly different between the top, middle, and bottom water depths (P>0.05). Total nitrogen concentration decreased from January to September but gradually increased from October to December, with a monthly average concentration of 1.52 mg·L^-1. NO₂^--N concentration decreased in the first four months, increased sharply from May to June, and decreased from July to December with a monthly average concentration of 0.05 mg·L^-1. NO₃^--N concentration gradually decreased from January to June, and gradually increased from July to December. NH₄⁺-N concentration was the highest in July, with a concentration of 0.44 mg·L^-1, and the change in other months was not notable, with a monthly average concentration of 0.09 mg·L^-1. The concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), dissolved phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphorus showed insignificant changes in trends throughout the year, with monthly average concentrations of 0.17 mg·L^-1, 0.11 mg·L^-1, and 0.05 mg·L^-1, respectively. The phosphate concentration was mainly sourced from the upstream Nan River and Taoxi River, and gradually decreased from upper Zhendong to the downstream regulating dam. Of these nutrients, TP was the key factor in the growth of algae in Hanfeng Lake.