土壤环境承载力评价体系构建与应用

为了解土壤环境对污染物的容纳能力和对人类活动的承载能力,达到有效遏制土壤污染的加重趋势和实现土壤环境风险全面管控的目的,基于土壤环境质量评价,通过区域土壤污染物输入-输出通量分析和污染风险特征分析,以土壤净化缓冲功能为核心构建全面反映土壤性质、污染演变趋势和风险特征的土壤环境承载力综合评价指标体系,并提出基于评价指标的安全系数核算方法.以北京市建设用地为研究对象开展区域尺度的土壤重金属环境承载力定量评价,验证评价指标体系与方法的科学可行性.结果表明,北京市Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的土壤环境承载力差异明显,Cd元素土壤环境承载力较其他元素低.明确土壤环境承载力概念与内涵、完善土壤环境承载力评价框架、构建土壤环境承载力信息数据库和开展土壤环境承载力核算试点等4个方面对土壤污染的有效防治具有重要意义.

Construction and Application of an Evaluation System for Soil Environmental Carrying Capacity

To understand the effect of soil environmental carrying capacity on pollutants and human activities, as well as to effectively prevent the aggravation of soil pollution and control soil environmental risks, a comprehensive indicator system for soil environmental carrying capacity is developed by analyzing the input-output flux and risk characteristics of soil pollutants. Furthermore, an evaluation method for soil environmental carrying capacity is proposed by defining safety coefficients related to evaluation indicators. Based on evaluation of soil environmental quality, the system reflects soil properties, pollution evolution trends, and risk characteristics, focusing on the soil buffering function. Further, a quantitative evaluation is carried out to assess the regional soil environmental carrying capacity of heavy metals on development land in Beijing. The results show that the soil environmental carrying capacity of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in Beijing varies widely. The soil environmental carrying capacity of Cd is much lower than that of other elements. Four policy recommendations are proposed as significant for effective soil pollution prevention and control:clarifying concepts for soil environmental carrying capacity, improving the evaluation framework, constructing an information database, and implementing demonstration pilots.