珠江源块泽河流域地表水水化学特征及控制因素

块泽河流域属于珠江源区典型的岩溶小流域，同时也是滇东重要的煤炭产区，生态环境脆弱.加强区内水环境研究，对支撑珠江源区生态环境综合治理和水资源科学管理具有重要作用.通过系统采集地表水、岩溶地下水和矿井水样品，运用数理统计分析、相关性分析、离子比值分析以及绝对因子分析-多元线性回归受体模型(APCS-MLR)等方法，对块泽河流域水化学演化特征及控制因素进行了研究.结果表明：块泽河流域地表水pH平均值为7.8,呈弱碱性.阳离子主要以Ca²⁺和Na⁺为主，呈现Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺的特征，阴离子主要以HCO^-₃和SO₄^2-为主，呈现HCO^-₃>SO₄^2->NO^-₃>Cl^-的特征.地...

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Control Factors of Surface Water in Kuaize River Basin at the Upper Pearl River

The Kuaize River is a small typical karst watershed in the source area of the Pearl River as well as an important coal mining area in Eastern Yunnan with a fragile ecological environment. Strengthening the research on the water environment in the region plays an important role in supporting the comprehensive management of the ecological environment and water resources in the source region of the Pearl River. Through the systematic collection of surface water, karst groundwater, and mine water samples, mathematical statistics analysis, correlation analysis, ion ratio analysis, absolute principal component scores multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR), and other methods were used to study the characteristics of hydrochemical evolution and control factors in Kuaize River Basin. The results showed that the average pH value of surface water in Kuaize River Basin was 7.8, which was weakly alkaline. The main cations were Ca²⁺ and Na⁺, showing the characteristics of Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺. The main anions were HCO₃^- and SO₄^2-, showing the characteristics of HCO₃^->SO₄^2->NO₃^->Cl^-. The variation coefficients of Na⁺, SO₄^2-, and NO₃^- in surface water were high, showing strong spatial variability. The water chemical type of the trunk stream was mainly HCO₃-Ca, whereas the water chemical type of the tributary was relatively complex, mainly HCO₃-Ca, HCO₃-Ca·Na, and HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na. The chemical composition of surface water was mainly affected by rock weathering, cation exchange, and human activities. Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, and HCO₃^- in surface water mainly came from the weathering of carbonate rock and silicate rock; SO₄^2- mainly came from the oxidation of sulfide, such as pyrite in coal seams; K⁺, Cl^-, and NO₃^- mainly came from domestic sewage and agricultural activities. The APCS-MLR receptor model analysis results showed that the surface water in the Kuaize River Basin was mainly affected by sulfide oxidation, carbonate weathering, weathering of silicate rock in mine water, domestic sewage, agricultural activities, and unknown sources. In general, the contribution rate of human activities such as mining, domestic sewage, and agricultural activities to the surface water reached 47.17%, indicating that human activities were the key driving factor of surface water chemistry in the Kuaize River Basin.