我国近10年城市生活垃圾处置单元温室气体排放时空变化及减排潜能分析

生活垃圾处置单元是重要的温室气体（GHG）排放源，明确其排放变化趋势及特征，是制定生活垃圾单元GHG减排的前提.采用IPCC清单模型，对中国2010~2020年城市生活垃圾（MSW）处置单元的GHG排放进行了估算.结果表明，GHG排放量（以CO₂-eq计，下同）从2010年的42.5 Mt增长至2019年的75.3 Mt，2020年降低到72.1 Mt；生活垃圾填埋场是GHG排放的主要来源，随着生活垃圾焚烧比例的增加，焚烧GHG排放占比从2010年的16.5%快速增加到2020年的60.1%；在区域分布上，华东和华南地区是排放量最高的区域，广东、山东、江苏和浙江是最主要的排放省.实行生活垃圾分类，转变生活垃圾处置方式（垃圾填埋向焚烧的转变），提高填埋场填埋气体（LFG）收集效率，利用生物覆盖功能材料强化覆盖层甲烷（CH₄）氧化效率，是实现固废处置单元GHG减排的主要措施.

Spatio-temporal Change in City-level Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Sector in China During the Last Decade and Its Potential Mitigation

The waste sector is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and clarifying its emission trends and characteristics is the premise for formulating GHG emission reduction strategies. Using the IPCC inventory model, the GHG emissions from the municipal solid waste(MSW) sector in China during 2010 to 2020 were estimated. The results showed that GHG emissions increased from 42.5 Mt in 2010 to 75.3 Mt in 2019, then decreased to 72.1 Mt in 2020. MSW landfills were the main source of GHG emissions. Further, with the increase in the proportion of waste incineration, the proportion of GHG incineration increased rapidly from 16.5% in 2010 to 60.1% in 2020. In terms of regional distribution, East and South China were the regions with the highest emissions, and Guangdong, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang were the provinces with the largest GHG emissions. Implementing MSW classification, changing the MSW disposal modes from landfilling to incineration, improving the LFG collection efficiency of landfills, and using biological functional materials as the cover soil to strengthen the methane oxidation efficiency are the main measures to achieve GHG emission reduction in waste sectors.