珠海市磨刀门水道输水水源水库群浮游植物群落特征及其环境驱动因子

磨刀门水道是珠江水系的主要出海口，也是粤港澳大湾区珠海和澳门等多个城市的重要水源地.于2021年丰、枯两季（8月和10月）对珠海市磨刀门水道13个采样点的水质和受其供水的4个饮用水水源水库群21个采样点水质状况和浮游植物开展了调查，并探究了相关驱动机制.4个水库浮游植物群落结构的解析结果显示，浮游植物共有8门73属150种，种类和相对丰度均以蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主，其中大镜山水库（DJS）和杨寮水库（YL）蓝藻在丰、枯两季的相对丰度均超过90%，竹仙洞（ZXD）和竹银水库（ZY）的蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻在不同时期分别占优，且分布较均衡.Shanno-Wiener指数（H）、Pielous均匀度指数（J）和Margalef丰富度指数（D）说明竹银水库的浮游植物生物多样性最丰富，指示水体最优，竹仙洞水库次之，大镜山水库是4个水库中浮游植物多样性最少的水库.PCoA分析表明大镜山水库和杨寮水库浮游植物群落结构具有相似性（P>0.05），且该2个水库和竹仙洞水库、竹银水库均具有显著差异性（P<0.05）.冗余分析（RDA）结果显示，硝酸盐氮（NO₃^-）、总溶解性有机碳（TOC）、总磷（TP）、氯化物（Cl^-）和氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）是影响浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子.研究结果揭示了4个水库浮游植物群落受磨刀门水道输水带来的营养盐外源影响较大，提示应着重改善磨刀门水道水质，以达到改善和预防水库水体富营养化，确保饮用水水源安全的目的.

Structural Characteristics of Phytoplankton Communities and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in a Group of Drinking Water Reservoirs by Water Transmission from Modaomen Waterway in Zhuhai

Modaomen Waterway is the main outlet of the Pear River system and an important water source for Zhuhai and Macao. The water quality of 13 sampling sites in Modaomen Waterway, phytoplankton, and environmental factors were investigated at 21 sampling sites in 4 drinking water source groups, which transport water from Modaomen Waterway and connect with each other, in August and October of 2021. A total of 73 genera of phytoplankton in eight phyla were identified, with a total of 150 species, most of them belonging to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta. The relative abundance of Cyanophyta was higher than 90% in the DJS and YL reservoirs during flood and dry seasons; Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta were dominant phyla during different seasons; and their distribution was balanced in the ZXD and ZY reservoirs. The Shannon-Wiener index, Pielous uniformity index, and Margalef richness index showed that the ZY reservoir had the most abundant biodiversity, which indicated the best water quality, followed by the ZXD and YL reservoirs. Conversely, the DJS was the least diverse reservoir for phytoplankton. The PCoA analysis indicated significant differences in plankton structures in ZXD and ZY with the other two reservoirs (P<0.05), respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of the phytoplankton community were NO₃^-, TOC, TP, Cl^-, and NH₄⁺-N. These results indicated that the phytoplankton community of the four reservoirs were greatly affected by the nutrient salt caused by water transport, which suggested that the water quality of Modaomen Waterway should be improved to increase reservoir water nutrition to ensure the safety of drinking water sources.