城市污水处理厂恶臭挥发性羰基化合物的排放特征

选取广州市猎德污水处理厂进行为期4 d的现场采样,采用PFPH衍生化-GC/MS联用技术分析恶臭挥发性羰基化合物的组成特征和含量水平,研究它们的排放特征.结果表明,在该污水处理厂共检测出18种羰基化合物,其中具有恶臭气味的组分包括15种,它们在6个处理车间的浓度范围为0.39～19.92μg·m-3,总浓度均值为（68.66±10.05）μg·m-3.采取归一化方法获得了该类污染源的恶臭挥发性羰基化合物成分谱,并发现了分子标志物为甲醛、乙醛、丙醛、2-丁酮、丁醛和己醛,它们占该成分谱总含量的78.91%,其中己醛含量最高,浓度均值达到11.71μg·m-3.应用恶臭面源源强的计算方法,估算出该污水处理厂恶臭挥发性羰基化合物的年排放总量为2 302.33 kg·a-1,各车间的排放量贡献率由高至低为：生化池〉浓缩池〉A级曝气池〉提升泵房〉沉砂池〉脱水机房.由于污水处理厂的恶臭污染排放过程较为复杂,因此在一定程度上影响了排放量估算的准确度.

Source Emission Characteristics of Malodorous Volatile Organic Carbonyls from a Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant

A 4-day field observation was conducted at Liede sewage treatment plant in Guangzhou, using PFPH/GC/MS method to analyse the composition and the concentration of volatile carbonyl compounds, and investigate the source emission characteristics of the pollutants. The results were as follows: 18 carbonyl species were detected, which including 15 malodorous volatile carbonyls with a concentration range from 0.39 microg x m(-3) to 19.92 microg x m(-3) at six processing units. Mean value of the total malodorous volatile carbonyls was (68.66 +/- 10.05) microg x m(-3). Normalization data process was used to research the source emission profile for malodorous volatile carbonyls, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, 2-butanone, butyraldehyde and hexaldehyde were found to be molecular markers of the source emission with their percentage of total carbonyls up to 78.91%. Hexaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl species with an average concentration of 11.71 microg x m(-3). Using a calculation model of area source emission, it estimated that the total annual emissions of the municipal sewage treatment plant was 2 302.33 kg(-1), and the contribution ratio of each processing unit was in an order of biochemical reaction basin, concentration basin, grade A aeration, ascending pump room, grit basin, dewatering house. The malodorous emission of sewage treatment plant is affected by many complex factors, so there's some uncertainty on the estimate.