三门峡某铅厂遗留场地土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源解析

我国各大城市目前正在进行大规模的工业企业搬迁，并产生了众多污染搬迁遗留场地，其中重金属污染尤为严峻.为了分析三门峡某铅厂遗留场地土壤重金属的污染状况、空间分布和污染来源，采用地统计学分析场地土壤重金属的空间变异规律和分布特征，并利用PMF模型解析场地土壤重金属的主要来源.结果表明，土壤中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg和Ni的平均值远超过河南省土壤环境背景值，As、Cd、Pb和Hg含量超过场地土壤污染风险筛选值，As、Pb和Hg含量超过场地土壤污染风险管控值.Cr的高值区位于废渣堆场北侧，Ni和Cd高值区位于废渣堆场北侧和场地南侧，As的高值区位于废渣堆场南侧与生活区之间，Cu和Pb高值区较为分散，主要集中于中部的原料堆场和炼炉区，Ni和Cd、Cu和Pb具有相同的空间分布特征.基于PMF模型可知，7种重金属有3种主要来源，Cd以废渣堆积源为主，贡献率为87.60%；Cu、Pb和Hg以土壤母质源为主，贡献率分别为92.50%、75.20%和95.40%；Cr、Ni和As以原料粉尘废气源为主，贡献率分别为80.80%、83.30%和62.00%.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil of a Lead Plant in Sanmenxia

At present, a large-scale relocation of industrial enterprises is taking place in major cities in China, and a large number of contaminated relocation sites are being generated, among which the heavy metal pollution is particularly serious. In order to analyze the pollution status, spatial distribution, and sources of heavy metals in the soil of a lead factory in Sanmenxia, the spatial variation and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the soil were analyzed using geostatistics, and the main sources of heavy metals in the soil were analyzed using a PMF model. The results showed that the average values of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Ni in the soil far exceeded the background values of the soil environment in Henan province; the contents of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg exceeded the screening values of soil pollution risk; and the contents of As, Pb, and Hg exceeded the control values of soil pollution risk. The high-value area was located on the northern part of the slag yard; the Cr, Ni, and Cd high-value area was located in the north and south of the slag yard; the high-value As area was located in the slag yard between the southern area and the living quarters; the Cu and Pb high-value area was relatively scattered, mainly concentrated in the central part of the raw material storage area and furnace area; and Ni and Cd and Cu and Pb had the same spatial distribution characteristics. Based on the PMF model, it can be seen that there were three main sources of the seven heavy metals, and Cd was mainly from waste residue accumulation, with a contributing rate of 87.60%. Cu, Pb, and Hg were mainly soil parent material, with contribution rates of 92.50%, 75.20%, and 95.40%, respectively. Cr, Ni, and As were mainly raw material dust exhaust gas sources, with contribution rates of 80.80%, 83.30%, and 62.00%, respectively.