长江武汉段丰水期水体和沉积物中多环芳烃及邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物污染特征及来源分析

持久性有机污染物(POPs)在我国地表水和沉积物等环境介质中被广泛检出,对生态环境和人类健康具有潜在的风险.针对现阶段长江经济带核心区域(武汉段)POPs的污染状况信息严重缺乏的问题,本文以使用量较大且环境中检出高的PAHs和PAEs为研究对象,通过对2016年长江武汉段干流15个采样点丰水期水体和沉积物中16种PAHs和6种PAEs污染物含量水平、分布特征和污染来源的系统分析.结果表明,长江武汉段2016年丰水期水体和沉积物中ΣPAHs浓度分别为20.8~90.4 ng·L~(-1)(均值40.7 ng·L~(-1))和46.1~424.0 ng·g~(-1)(均值191.8 ng·g~(-1)),ΣPAEs浓度分别为280.9~779.0 ng·L~(-1)(均值538.6 ng·L~(-1))和1 346.2~7 641.1 ng·g~(-1)(均值3 699.5 ng·g~(-1)).PAHs和PAEs含量均低于国家地表水环境质量标准规定的限值,污染程度小.长江武汉段水体中PAHs以2~3环为主,沉积物中PAHs以2~3环和4环为主,水体和沉积物中PAEs以DEHP和DBP为主.基于比率及主成分分析,长江武汉段水体与沉积物中PAHs主要的来源为煤和生物质燃烧,以及石油来源;水体和沉积物中PAEs的主要来源于塑料和重化工工业,以及生活垃圾.水体及沉积物中两类典型POPs(PAHs和PAEs)对人类健康会产生潜在有害影响,需加强监控.研究成果可为长江(武汉段)环境保护提供基础数据和技术支撑.

Pollution Characteristics and Source Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalic Acid Esters During High Water Level Periods in the Wuhan Section of the Yangtze River, China

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been detected extensively in water and sediments in China, causing potential risks to the environment and human beings. In this study, the content level, distribution characteristics, and pollution sources of PAHs and PAEs in the water and sediments collected from 15 sites in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River in August of 2016 were analyzed systematically. The following conclusions were made. The total PAHs concentrations were 20.8-90.4 ng·L^-1 (mean value 40.7 ng·L^-1) in water and 46.1-424.0 ng·g^-1 (mean value 191.8 ng·g^-1) in the sediments, while for PAEs, they were 280.9-779.0 ng·L^-1 (mean value 538.6 ng·L^-1) in water and 1346.2-7641.1 ng·g^-1 (mean value 3699.5 ng·g^-1) in the sediment. Both PAH and PAE concentrations in water meet the Chinese national water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002) with a low degree of pollution. PAH monomers with two to three rings were dominant in water, while those with two to three rings and four rings were dominant in the sediment. DEHP and DBP were the dominant PAE pollutants in both the water and sediment. The ratio and principal component analysis showed that the main source of PAHs in water and the sediment were the emission from coal, biomass combustion, and petroleum sources, while the main sources of PAEs include the plastic and chemical industries and municipal solid wastes. Two types of POPs (PAHs and PAEs) in water and sediment have potentially detrimental effects on human health and monitoring needs to be strengthened. This research provides basic data and technical support for the protection of the Yangtze River.