黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地泥沙沉积及外源镉Cd输入对碱蓬物质量分配及抗氧化酶活性的影响

近年来黄河三角洲面临退化等的生态问题,调水调沙为湿地补充淡水恢复退化湿地的同时,也改变了沉积环境,并带来大量外源重金属,从而对植被生长产生影响.为此本文选择黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地先锋植被碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)为研究对象,基于微区试验研究了不同泥沙沉积深度(0、3、6、12 cm)及不同Cd输入量(0、0.5、1.0、1.5 mg·kg~(-1))对碱蓬物质量分配及抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:适当的浅层埋深叶绿素含量高,利于碱蓬生长,而过量的埋深叶绿素含量低,并对碱蓬生长产生抑制作用;随着Cd输入量的增加,碱蓬叶绿素含量和生物量呈现出减小的趋势.泥沙沉积为0 cm、3 cm及Cd输入为0 mg·kg~(-1)、0.5 mg·kg~(-1)时,CAT和SOD活性增强,但随着胁迫的增加,SOD活性减弱,且在最大埋深处理(12 cm)时,大量的Cd输入(1.0 mg·kg~(-1)、1.5 mg·kg~(-1))时CAT活性分别比对照高62.66%和58.56%,CAT活性在最大埋深(12 cm)和最大Cd输入(1.5 mg·kg~(-1))时取得最大值(15.76 U·mg-1).方差分析结果表明Cd输入对碱蓬蛋白含量、CAT和SOD活性具有显著的影响,泥沙埋深对蛋白含量及SOD活性具有显著影响,两者的交互作用对CAT和SOD的影响达到显著水平(P0.05).以上结果表明调水调沙带来的泥沙沉积和外源重金属输入对黄河口滨岸潮滩湿地先锋植被碱蓬生长带来一定的影响,在一定范围内碱蓬也能够通过改变生物量分配及调节体内抗氧化酶活性来适应不同的生存环境.

Effects of Sediment Burial and Exogenous Cd Input on Biomass Allocation and Antioxidative Enzyme Activities of Suaeda salsa in the Coastal Wetland of the Yellow River Delta

The Yellow River Delta has been facing the threat of functional degradation during the recent years. The Water-Sediment Regulation Project not only supplements abundant freshwater, but also alters the sediment burial and heavy metal levels, which affects vegetation growth. Thus, we selected the pioneer species Suaeda salsa, to study the effects of different sediment burial depths (0, 3, 6, 12 cm) and exogenous Cd inputs (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg·kg^-1) on biomass allocation and activities of antioxidative enzymes in the coastal wetlands of the Yellow River delta. The results showed that a shallow or moderate burial depth had a stimulatory effect on chlorophyll content, while an excessive burial depth inhibited the growth of Suaeda salsa and chlorophyll content. With increasing Cd input, chlorophyll content and dry mass decreased. At a lower Cd input and moderate burial depth, activities of CAT and SOD increased, and at high levels, SOD activities decreased, while activities of CAT at a 12 cm burial depth and 1.0 mg·kg^-1, 1.5 mg·kg^-1 Cd input were higher than those for the control (62.66% and 58.56%). CAT activities reached high values (15.76 U·mg^-1) at a high Cd input (1.5 mg·kg^-1) and burial depth (12 cm). Analysis of variance showed that Cd input had a significant effect on protein content, and CAT and SOD activities, and sediment burial depth had a significant effect on the protein content and SOD activities. Interaction between Cd input and sediment burial depth had a significant effect on CAT and SOD activities (P<0.05). These results demonstrated that sediment burial depth and Cd input had a great influence on the growth of Suaeda salsa, and to some extent, Suaeda salsa could change its biomass allocation and antioxidative enzyme activities to adapt to severe environments.