村镇生活垃圾重金属含量及其来源分析

对全国12个省份72个典型村镇的生活垃圾进行采样调查,系统分析我国村镇生活垃圾中重金属污染特征及其可能来源.结果表明,我国北方典型村镇生活垃圾中重金属As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的含量分别为(7.51±8.89)、(0.64±0.42)、(21.91±12.29)、(4.82±8.37)、(86.36±59.99)、(36.43±15.98)、(62.19±36.61)和(46.07±25.22)mg·kg-1,南方典型村镇生活垃圾中重金属As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的含量分别为(7.43±8.82)、(0.83±0.74)、(21.62±13.76)、(1.84±4.55)、(131.06±74.96)、(37.20±16.80)、(98.04±63.71)和(46.75±25.75)mg·kg-1.与《城镇垃圾农用控制标准》(GB 8172-87)和《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-1995)二级标准相比,重金属Cd和Hg超标较严重.通过聚类分析、Pearson相关分析和主成分分析解析垃圾中重金属污染物的来源,结果表明我国典型村镇生活垃圾中Pb和Cd主要来源于厨余、灰土、橡塑类和纸质等印刷品,Hg主要来源于厨余和灰土,Zn和Cr主要来源于灰土,Cu主要来源于电子、电池类废弃物和尘土、橡塑、纸质等印刷品,Ni主要来源于废弃的电子、电池类产品,As主要来源于杀虫剂等农药和肥料.

Heavy Metal Content of Rural Living Solid Waste and Related Source and Distribution Analysis

Living solid waste of 72 typical villages and towns in 12 provinces was investigated, and related heavy metal pollution characteristics, source, and distribution were analyzed. Results showed that heavy metal content of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni in living solid waste of typical northern villages of China was (7.51±8.89), (0.64±0.42), (21.91±12.29), (4.82±8.37), (86.36±59.99), (36.43±15.98), (62.19±36.61), and (46.07±25.22) mg·kg^-1, respectively. Content of As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni in living solid waste of typical southern towns was (7.43±8.82), (0.83±0.74), (21.62±13.76), (1.84±4.55), (131.06±74.96), (37.20±16.80), (98.04±63.71), and (46.75±25.75) mg·kg^-1, respectively. Cd and Hg exceeded the standards for urban garbage agricultural control and soil environmental quality. Sources of heavy metals in domestic waste were explored by Pearson correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Results showed that Pb and Cd were mainly derived from kitchen waste, dust, paper, rubber, and plastic. Hg was mainly from kitchen waste and dust. Zn and Cr were mainly from dust. Cu was mainly from dust, paper, rubber, plastic, battery, and electronic waste. Ni was mainly from battery and electronic wastes. As was mainly derived from pesticides and fertilizers.