低积累水稻品种联合腐殖酸、海泡石保障重镉污染稻田安全生产的潜力

以某铅锌矿开采区周边重镉污染稻田(全Cd含量为2.52 mg·kg~(-1))以及Cd低积累型晚粳稻品种嘉33为对象,研究了Cd低积累水稻嘉33与改良剂腐殖酸、海泡石联合对重镉污染稻田的农产品安全输出的保障潜力.结果表明,重镉污染稻田上嘉33仍表现出良好的低镉积累特性,改良剂腐殖酸、海泡石单独或联合投加,可降低水稻各器官中Cd的积累,以及茎对根吸收的Cd和精米对茎中Cd的转运系数,且降低量随着改良剂施用量的增加而增加.当施用5.250 t·hm~(-2)的腐殖酸、或6.750 t·hm~(-2)的海泡石、或1.125 t·hm~(-2)的腐殖酸和3.375 t·hm~(-2)的海泡石搭配施用均可使嘉33精米中Cd含量低于国家的限量指标(GB 2762~(-2)012),其精米中Cd含量分别为(0.171±0.01)、(0.184±0.01)和(0.181±0.01)mg·kg~(-1).腐殖酸单施、海泡石单施以及腐殖酸与海泡石配施均能促进土壤Cd向残渣态、铁锰氧化物结合态转化,显著降低土壤中有效Cd含量,降低Cd的生物有效性,进而降低了水稻各器官中Cd含量.其中海泡石单施、腐殖酸与海泡石配施降低土壤中有效Cd含量效果优于腐殖酸单施.同时,相比于腐殖酸单施、海泡石单施,腐殖酸和海泡石搭配施用对土壤养分的影响更趋友好,除了土壤碱解氮含量无明显性变化外,对应的土壤速效磷、速效钾及有机质含量均随改良剂施用量增加而升高.综上结果,意味着在重镉污染土壤上,低Cd积累水稻品种联合腐殖酸和海泡石配施是实现重镉污染土壤安全生产的优选措施.

Potential to Ensure Safe Production from Rice Fields Polluted with Heavy Cadmium by Combining a Rice Variety with Low Cadmium Accumulation, Humic Acid, and Sepiolite

The study investigated the potential of ensuring safe production of rice from paddy fields affected by heavy cadmium contamination. A paddy soil polluted with heavy cadmium (total Cd content of 2.52 mg·kg^-1) surrounding a lead-zinc mining area in Guiyang County of Chenzhou City, Hunan province was selected for analysis. We investigated production using a low cadmium accumulation rice variety (Oryza sativa L. Jia-33) and passivation additives for heavy metal activity (including humic acid and sepiolite). Results showed that:Oryza sativa L. Jia-33 showed good low cadmium accumulation characteristics in rice fields with heavy cadmium pollution. When humic acid and sepiolite were applied (alone or combined), the accumulation of Cd in different organs of the rice declined, and the transport coefficient of Cd for stem to root and polished rice to stem also declined. The rate of decline increased with increased application dosage. The cadmium content in polished rice was lower than the limit established in the National Food Safety Standard (GB 2715-2012), when applying 5.250 t·hm^-2 humic acid, 6.750 t·hm^-2 sepiolite, or a combination of 1.125 t·hm^-2 humic acid and 3.37 5 t·hm^-2 sepiolite; Cd content in polished rice was (0.171±0.01), (0.184±0.01), and (0.181±0.01) mg·kg^-1, respectively. Single or combined application of humic acid and sepiolite promoted the transformation of soil Cd to residual and Fe Mn oxide bound forms, significantly reducing the content of available Cd and the bioavailability of Cd in soil, and further reducing Cd content in all rice organs. The reduction was more effective with single application of sepiolite or combined application of humic acid and sepiolite. The effects of combined application of humic acid and sepiolite were also more beneficial for soil nutrients, while soil available phosphorus, available potassium, phosphorus, and organic matter content increased with increased application of amendments. Soil nitrogen content did not change. In conclusion, results indicate that joint application of humic acid, sepiolite, and a low Cd accumulation rice variety are best for safe production on heavy cadmium-contaminated soil.