亚热带典型岩溶水库细菌丰度和细菌生产力及其与环境因子的关系

细菌丰度是反映水体污染状况的敏感指标.为了解亚热带岩溶区水库营养状况,细菌丰度和细菌生产力及其与环境因子的关系,本文以亚热带典型岩溶水库——广西上林县大龙洞水库为研究对象,采用综合营养状态指数法(TLI)评价大龙洞水库水体的营养化类型、荧光定量PCR技术研究细菌丰度分布情况以及14C标记法测定细菌生产力.结果表明,大龙洞水库处于富营养化状态,细菌丰度在调查水域存在明显空间异质性;沿着水流方向从上游到下游表层水的细菌丰度呈先递减后增加的趋势;细菌丰度垂向分布特征均表现为表层中层底层;细菌生产力的变化特征为表层水的细菌生产力明显高于中层和底层.相关性分析表明,细菌丰度与细菌生产力呈显著正相关;细菌丰度与温度、p H、高锰酸盐指数呈显著正相关,与电导率和DIC呈显著负相关,与DO、叶绿素a、DOC呈极显著正相关;细菌生产力则与p H、DOC、高锰酸盐指数呈显著正相关,与电导率、DIC呈显著负相关,与DO极显著正相关.主成分分析将影响细菌丰度和细菌生产力的10个环境因子均划分为两个主成分,第一主成分为温度、p H、电导率、DIC、DO、Chla、DOC和高锰酸盐指数,第二主成分为TN和TP,表明大龙洞水库细菌丰度和细菌生产力受多种环境因子共同影响,进而使光合细菌成为水体初级生产力的重要贡献者.

Relationship Between the Bacterial Abundance and Production with Environmental Factors in a Subtropical Karst Reservoir

In recent years, the increasing scarcity of water resources and eutrophication of water have become more serious. Reservoirs that are far from big cities have become important sources of drinking water and were targets of research and protection. Therefore, the abundance and production of bacteria and their correlations with environmental factors were investigated in the Dalongdong Reservoir, Shanglin County, Guangxi Province, using Quantitative Real-time PCR technology and the ¹⁴C tracer technique. The Dalongdong Reservoir is a typical subtropical karst reservoir. The bacterial abundance of the surface water decreased from the upstream to the downstream along the water flow direction and then increases. The vertical distribution of the bacterial abundance at each sampling site shows a similar trend; it is the highest in the surface water and the lowest on the bottom. The correlation analysis results show that the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen (DO), and other environmental factors significantly correlate with the bacterial abundance, indicating that these parameters are the main factors limiting the bacterial abundance in this region. The bacterial production is positively correlated with the pH, DOC, and permanganate index; negatively correlated with the conductivity and DIC; and significantly positively correlated with DO. The principal component analyses (PCA) shows that the environmental factors affecting the bacterial abundance and bacterial production can be grouped into two PCAs. PCA1 includes the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, DIC, DO, chlorophyll-a, DOC, and permanganate index and PCA2 includes TN and TP. The bacterial abundance and production in the Dalongdong Reservoir are affected by various environmental factors and photosynthetic bacteria are the important contributors to the production of organic carbon.