电子垃圾拆解废渣-土壤-蔬菜中多氯联苯污染特征与健康风险评估

为研究某电子垃圾拆解区废渣-土壤-蔬菜中多氯联苯（PCBs）污染特征及对人体的潜在健康风险.对电子垃圾废渣样品采样3个、废渣旁的农田土壤和蔬菜分别采样10个和18个（油麦菜6个、四季豆6个和圆白菜6个）.废渣、土壤和蔬菜中PCBs含量测定采用高分辨气相色谱-质谱法.结果表明,总PCBs水平:废渣(11 938 ng·g^-1,以dw计,下同)>土壤(45.54 ng·g^-1)>蔬菜(11.51 ng·g^-1);生物-沉积物/土壤富集因子:油麦菜（0.18）>四季豆（0.05）>圆白菜（0.01）.废渣与土壤检出37种PCBs相同同系物,蔬菜检出33种,均在废渣与土壤检出同系物之内;土壤中部分同系物与圆白菜出现相关性（P<0.05）.废渣、土壤和蔬菜中PCBs氯代数以三氯联苯～五氯联苯的低氯联苯质量分数占比最多,分别占比77.92%、 59.73%和73.96%,土壤中占比相对较低,总体随氯代数增加,占比呈现下降趋势.健康风险评估结果表明,成人（男/女）和儿童暴露土壤与蔬菜中PCBs的总非致癌风...

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in E-waste Disposal Residue-Soil-Vegetable

To study the characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in waste residue-soil-vegetable in an e-waste dismantling area and the potential health risks to humans, three samples of e-waste residue were collected, and 10 and 18 samples were taken from farmland soil and vegetables (six lettuce, six green bean, and six cabbage samples), respectively, next to the waste residue. High-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the content of PCBs in waste residue, soil, and vegetables. The results showed that the total PCBs levels were as follows:waste residue (11938 ng·g^-1, dw) > soil (45.54 ng·g^-1, dw) > vegetables (11.51 ng·g^-1, dw). The bio-sediment/soil enrichment factor values were as follows:lettuce samples (0.18) > green bean samples (0.05) > cabbage samples (0.01). There were 37 PCB identical homologues detected in the waste residue and soil, and 33 types were detected in vegetables, all of which were within the homologues detected in the waste residue and soil. Some homologues in the soil were correlated with cabbages (P<0.05). The column chart of PCB chlorination number in waste residues, soil, and vegetables showed that low-chlorinated biphenyls from trichlorobiphenyl to pentachlorobiphenyl mass fraction accounted for the largest proportion, accounting for 77.92%, 59.73%, and 73.96%, respectively. The proportion in the soil was relatively low, with the overall proportion showing a downward trend with increasing rate of chlorine generation. The results of the health risk assessment showed that the total HQ of PCBs in the soil and vegetables exposed to adults (male/female) and children was less than 1, which was at an acceptable level. The total CR of PCBs in the soil and vegetables exposed to adults (male/female) and children all exceeded 1×10^-6, which is at an unacceptable level, and the values for adults (male/female) were higher than those for children.