赤水河流域水体抗生素污染特征及风险评价

为了初步探究贵州赤水河流域地表水的抗生素浓度分布特征及潜在生态风险,利用固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法（SPE-LC-MS）对地表水样品中21种抗生素进行检测分析.结果表明,赤水河地表水共检出12种抗生素,总浓度水平为ND～1 166.97 ng·L^-1,氧氟沙星、甲氧苄啶和磺胺嘧啶的检出率均为100%.平均检出浓度最高的3种抗生素分别是氧氟沙星(221.59 ng·L^-1)、四环素(13.18 ng·L^-1)和磺胺嘧啶(4.11 ng·L^-1),抗生素浓度分布呈现:下游(359.41 ng·L^-1)>中游(224.59 ng·L^-1)>上游(179.72 ng·L^-1).生态环境风险评估结果表明,下游点位W21具有最大的风险商值,其中四环素、强力霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、红霉素和林可霉素的风险商值具有中风险水平,氧氟沙星具有高风险水平,这说明赤水河流域水体抗生素可能会造成一定的生态风险.

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Contamination in Chishui River Basin, Guizhou Province, China

To preliminarily explore the antibiotic concentration distribution characteristics of Guizhou Chishui River basin surface water and potential ecological risks, we used solid phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC- MS) to analyze 21 types of antibiotics in surface water samples. Twelve types of antibiotics were detected in the Chishui River basin surface water, and the total concentrations of ofloxacin, sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim ranged from ND-1166.97 ng·L^-1, with a detection rate of 100%. On average, the highest concentration of the three types of antibiotics detected were ofloxacin (221.59 ng·L^-1), tetracycline (13.18 ng·L^-1), and sulfadiazine (4.11 ng·L^-1), and the antibiotic concentration distribution showed the following order of characteristics:downstream (359.41 ng·L^-1) > midstream(224.59 ng·L^-1) > upstream (179.72 ng·L^-1). The ecological environment risk assessment results indicated the largest risk for downstream W21, tetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and erythromycin. The risk quotient revealed that lincomycin had a medium-risk level, and ofloxacin had a high-risk level. This shows that antibiotics in the waters of the Chishui River basin may cause certain ecological risks.