水稻品种及典型土壤改良措施对稻米吸收镉的影响

水稻镉污染是我国当前重要的农产品安全问题,湖南攸县"镉大米"事件造成了严重的社会影响.针对南方酸性土壤镉污染特征,进行了"镉大米"治理技术研究.结果表明,当地主栽水稻品种株两优06的稻米Cd含量在大同桥和网岭镇的平均值分别为0.167 mg·kg-1和0.127 mg·kg-1,为其它品种的20%左右;石灰和矿物肥处理能够使稻米Cd含量降低到对照的20%~30%,覆膜处理使稻米Cd含量与对照相比降低约50%,而覆膜+生物炭+硅肥叶面肥处理能够降低80%左右,硅肥叶面肥单独施用及叶面肥和追肥配合施用能够显著降低稻米中的Cd含量90%以上;BCR法分析土壤Cd形态结果发现,供试大田土壤中Cd的弱酸可提取态比例较高,绝大多数样品达到55%以上,而施用石灰能够显著降低土壤中的弱酸可提取态和可还原态比例,增加残渣态比例,变化幅度达到20%左右;土壤Cd含量与p H值是影响稻米对Cd吸收的重要因素.

Effects of Rice Cultivar and Typical Soil Improvement Measures on the Uptake of Cd in Rice Grains

Cadmium pollution of rice is a big problem in agricultural food safety. The accident "Cd rice" occurred last year in Youxian County, Hunan Province caused serious social panic. In this study, trials on "Cd rice" controlling techniques specific to the Cd pollution in paddy soil in Youxian were investigated. It was suggested that the average Cd contents in rice grains of the rice variety "Zhu Liang You 06" in Datongqiao and Wangling were 0.167 and 0.127 mg ·kg^-1, respectively, which were only equal to 20% of the contents of other varieties. The trials for stabilizing agents revealed that treatments of lime and mineral fertilizer decreased Cd contents in rice grains to 20-30% of the control. Plastic film-mulched treatment decreased the rice grain Cd to 50%. And combined treatment of plastic film-mulched and biochar and silicon foliar-fertilizer decreased 80% of rice Cd content. Single treatments of silicon foliar-fertilizer and combined treatment of silicon foliar-fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer decreased more than 90% of Cd content. Results of BCR revealed that the percentage of cationic exchangeable and/or carbonate associated Cd fraction was more than 55% for most of the soil samples. Lime treatment significantly decreased the percentage of cationic exchangeable and/or carbonate and oxides of Fe and Mn associated Cd and increased the crystalline structure of clay minerals associated Cd. The change rate reached about 20%. Our results suggested concentration of soil Cd and pH were the two significant factors impacting the uptake of Cd by rice grains.