缙云山不同土地利用方式对土壤团聚体微生物量碳氮的影响

于缙云山阳坡同一海拔高度处选择亚热带常绿阔叶林(简称林地)、撂荒地、坡耕地和果园这4种土地利用方式,在0~60 cm的土壤深度内每隔10 cm采集一个土壤样品,测定大团聚体(2 mm)、中间团聚体(0.25~2 mm)、微团聚体(0.053~0.25 mm)以及粉+黏团聚体(0.053 mm)内的微生物生物量碳(MBC)和微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量,以分析缙云山不同土地利用方式对团聚体MBC及MBN的影响.结果表明4种土地利用方式下,各粒径团聚体MBC及MBN含量均随土壤深度的增加而降低.林地开垦为果园和坡耕地后除导致大团聚体MBC和MBN含量升高外,其它粒径团聚体MBC及MBN含量均降低;坡耕地撂荒后,除粉+黏团聚体MBN含量降低外,其它粒径团聚体MBC及MBN含量均增加.采用等质量方法计算了0~60 cm土壤深度内4种土地利用方式下各粒径土壤团聚体MBC和MBN的储量,发现除粉+黏团聚体外,其他粒径团聚体MBC储量均为林地高于果园和坡耕地,撂荒地各粒径团聚体内的MBC储量均高于坡耕地;MBN储量表现为中间团聚体和微团聚体林地高于果园和坡耕地,而撂荒地除粉+黏团聚体外,其他粒径团聚体均高于坡耕地.总体上,林地和撂荒地团聚体MBC储量高于果园和坡耕地,MBN储量高于坡耕地,果园与林地团聚体MBN储量接近,表明林地的垦殖虽然对果园团聚体MBN影响非常小,但却导致了团聚体MBC以及坡耕地MBN的损失,而坡耕地撂荒则有利于团聚体MBC及MBN的恢复和蓄积.在土地利用转变过程中,土壤团聚体MBC的变化方向和变化量与土壤有机碳并不一致,存在很大的差异,因此,土壤团聚体微生物熵并不适于来评价该地土地利用变化对土壤的影响,采用有机碳总量作为表达土地利用变化的敏感性指标可能更好.

Effects of Land Use Type on Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Water-Stable Aggregates in Jinyun Mountain

In this study, four land use types including subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (abbreviation: forest), sloping farmland, orchard and abandoned land were selected to collect soil samples from 0 to 60 cm depth at the same altitude in Jinyun Mountain. Four sizes of large macroaggregates (>2 mm), small macroaggregates (0.25-2 mm), microaggregates (0.053-0.25 mm) and silt+clay (<0.053 mm) were achieved by wet sieving method and the contents of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in each aggregate fraction were measured to study the impacts of the different land use types on MBC and MBN in soil aggregates. The results showed that the contents of MBC and MBN in all aggregates in the four land use types decreased with the increasing soil depth. Except large macroaggregetes, the contents of MBC and MBN in the other three soil aggregates decreased when the forest was reclamated into orchard and sloping farmland. MBC and MBN contents in large macroaggregates, small macroaggregates and microaggregates all increased when the sloping farmland was abandoned. The storages of organic carbon and nitrogen in soil depth of 0-60 cm in the four proportions were calculated by the equivalent soil mass method. The results revealed that MBC storages in the other three sizes except silt+clay were higher in the forest than those in orchard and sloping land. And MBC storages in the all aggregates were higher in the abandoned land than those in the sloping land. MBN storages in small macroaggregates and microaggregates were higher in the forest than those in orchard and sloping land. And MBN storages in the other three aggregates except silt+clay were higher in the abandoned land than those in the sloping land. Generally speaking, the storages of MBC in soil aggregates of forest and abandoned land were higher than in orchard and sloping land, MBN storage in soil aggregates of forest was nearly equal to the storage in orchard. However, the storages of MBN in soil aggregates of forest and abandoned land were higher than those in sloping land. The results showed that the reclamation of the forest resulted in the loss of MBC and MBN in soil aggregates of sloping land. However, the abandon of the sloping land contributed to the acumulation of MBC and MBN in soil aggregates. In the process of land use change, the direction and quantity of change in MBC in the soil aggregates were not consistent with those of the total soil organic carbon, which meant the microbial quotient in soil aggregates was not suitable for using to evaluate the impact of land use change on soil quality, using the total organic carbon as an index to express the sensitivity of the land use change may be better.