长期施肥措施下稻田土壤有机质稳定性研究

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对典型稻田生态系统长期定位试验的土壤有机质(SOM)结构进行分析,探讨不同施肥处理下表层与深层土壤有机质的分布差异及其稳定性机制.结果表明,长期不同施肥措施下稻田表层土壤有机碳(SOC)含量以有机-无机肥配施处理最高,其中高量有机肥(HOM)、低量有机肥(LOM)和秸秆还田(STW)处理较对照(CK)处理分别增加了18.5%、12.9%和18.4%.土壤有机质的化学结构也存在一定的差异性,与CK相比,施肥处理均增加了土壤中化学抗性化合物(脂族性、芳香族)、碳水化合物以及有机硅化合物的官能团吸收强度,其中HOM、LOM和STW处理最为明显.以烷烃类化合物为例,HOM、LOM和STW处理下其吸收强度为0.30、0.25和0.29,较CK分别增加了87%、56%和81%.表层土壤有机质各官能团的吸收峰强度皆高于深层土壤,同样以HOM、LOM和STW处理的差异最显著.本研究结果揭示了长期有机-无机肥配施下对亚热带稻田土壤有机质较丰富的化学抗性官能团结构的影响,贡献于其较高的有机质含量,这也从一方面揭示了稻田土壤有机质积累的化学稳定机制.

Study on Mechanism of SOM Stabilization of Paddy Soils Under Long-term Fertilizations

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was applied to study the structure of soil organic matter (SOM) of paddy soils under long-term different fertilization treatments. The aim was to clarify the different distribution of SOM between different fertilization methods and between topsoil and subsoil, and to explore the stability mechanism of SOM under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that the content of topsoil organic carbon (SOC) was the highest under organic-inorganic fertilizations, with the increment of SOC by 18.5%, 12.9% and 18.4% under high organic manure (HOM), low organic manure (LOM) and straw returning (STW) respectively compared with no fertilization treatment (CK). The long-term fertilizations also changed the chemical structure of SOM. As compared with CK, different fertilization treatments increased the functional group absorbing intensity of chemical resistance compounds (aliphatic, aromaticity), carbohydrate and organo-silicon compounds, which was the most distinctive under treatments of HOM, LOM and STW. For example, the absorbing intensity of alkyl was 0.30, 0.25 and 0.29 under HOM, LOM and STW, respectively. These values were increased by 87%, 56% and 81% as compared with that under CK treatment. The functional group absorbing intensity of SOM in the topsoil was stronger than that in the subsoil, with the most distinctive difference under HOM, LOM and STW treatments. The present research indicated that the enhanced chemical resistance of functional group of SOM may contribute to the high contents of SOC in the paddy soils under long-term organic-inorganic fertilizations, which also suggested a chemical stabilization mechanism of SOM in the paddy soils.