不同施肥措施对土壤活性有机碳的影响

采用田间试验,研究了不同施肥措施下,华北冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中潮土土壤活性有机碳含量及组分的变化特征.结果表明,施肥显著增加土壤水溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳含量,与不施肥相比,增加幅度分别为24.92～38.63 mg·kg-1和0.94～0.58 g·kg-1,其中单施有机肥对土壤水溶性有机碳含量增加作用大于配施化肥和化肥单施,单施有机肥或与化肥配施对土壤易氧化有机碳的提升效果优于单施化肥.有机肥或化肥单施对土壤微生物量碳没有显著促进作用,而有机肥与化肥配施土壤微生物量碳含量分别增加36.06%和20.69%;土壤易氧化有机碳、水溶性有机碳和微生物量碳占总有机碳的比例变化范围分别为8.41%～14.83%、0.47%～0.70%和0.89%～1.20%,施肥显著提高了土壤水溶性有机碳和易氧化有机碳比例,不同施肥措施对水溶性有机碳的提升效应没有显著差异.有机肥与化肥配施对易氧化有机碳的比例提升作用大于有机肥或化肥单施,同时显著增加土壤微生物量碳比例,但有机肥或化肥单施对土壤微生物量碳比例没有显著作用.可见,在试验地条件下,有机肥与化肥的适当配施对于增加土壤活性有机碳含量和有效调控其关键组分具有重要作用.

Effects of Different Fertilizer Application on Soil Active Organic Carbon

The variation characteristics of the content and components of soil active organic carbon under different fertilizer application were investigated in samples of calcareous fluvo-aquic soil from a field experiment growing winter wheat and summer maize in rotation in the North China Plain. The results showed that RF (recommended fertilization), CF (conventional fertilization) and NPK (mineral fertilizer alone) significantly increased the content of soil dissolved organic carbon and easily oxidized organic carbon by 24.92-38.63 mg·kg^-1 and 0.94-0.58 mg·kg^-1 respectively compared to CK (unfertilized control). The soil dissolved organic carbon content under OM (organic manure) increased greater than those under NPK and single fertilization, soil easily oxidized organic carbon content under OM and NPK increased greater than that under single chemical fertilization. OM and NPK showed no significant role in promoting the soil microbial biomass carbon, but combined application of OM and NPK significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon content by 36.06% and 20.69%, respectively. Soil easily oxidized organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon accounted for 8.41%-14.83%, 0.47%-0.70% and 0.89%-1.20% of the total organic carbon (TOC), respectively. According to the results, the fertilizer application significantly increased the proportion of soil dissolved organic carbon and easily oxidized organic carbon, but there was no significant difference in the increasing extent of dissolved organic carbon. The RF and CF increased the proportion of soil easily oxidized organic carbon greater than OM or NPK, and significantly increased the proportion of microbial biomass carbon. OM or RF had no significant effect on the proportion of microbial biomass carbon. Therefore, in the field experiment, appropriate application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers played an important role for the increase of soil active organic carbon content and the effective control of its key components.