北京市社区生活垃圾分类收集实效调查及其长效管理机制研究

对北京市600个分类示范试点社区进行垃圾分类收集现状调查,并基于调查数据分析得出,目前试点社区分类正确率和投放正确率均不高,知晓率是影响分类正确率和投放正确率的重要因素,知晓率根据知晓深度分成两个等级,分别为75.6%和15.5%,而社区大多数居民约60.1%垃圾分类知晓程度保持在一个初级水平,24.4%居民不知道垃圾分类,分类正确率和投放正确率较低,分别为4.5%和31.2%,宣传、教育的力度和深度不够,也未形成有效监管机制.居民对社区垃圾分类建议得出,认为应该加强分类知识宣传的居民最多,占36.84%;其次认为加强垃圾分类正确投放监督的比例也达到35.39%.总体认为软实力建设应提高的居民占90%以上.因此,提出持续采用多种媒介提高垃圾分类宣传力度和深度,并结合多种培养方式引导居民参与操作实践.此外,构建软硬结合的垃圾分类评价指标体系,建立完善操作强的监管机制,长期持续对居民进行督促,并将垃圾分类作为社区管理工作中的一项重要考核指标,整体提高行政管理水平.

Investigation of Waste Classification and Collection Actual Effect and the Study of Long Acting Management in the Community of Beijing

The current position of waste separation and collection are investigated in 600 separation pilot communities of Beijing. According to survey date, it was revealing that correct classification rate and correct putting rate is not high in the pilot communities. It is an important factor that different awareness levels affect correct separation and putting rate, and according to the different breadth of knowledge, awareness divided into two ranges which is 75.6% and 15.5% respectively. However, majority about 60.1% of the population's waste classification knowledge still stay on preliminary stage in the community, and about 24.4% population don't aware of the waste classification. The correct rate of classification operations and putting is relatively low at 4.5% and 31.2% respectively. At the same time, the attention and breadth of publicity and education is not enough, and the management system has not formed. The waste classification recommendations of residents in the community: The publicity of classified knowledge should be strengthen, about 36.84%; then the supervision of waste classification correct putting should also be strengthen, about 35.39%. As a whole, most residents, more than 90%,think that soft power construction should be improved. Therefore, in order to induct residents operating classification practices, it is recommended that promoting the involvement and depth of classification publicity to make use of various Medias and foster ways. The evaluation index system of community's waste classification, combining the hardware facility and the publicity and education, should be build. At the same time, the supervision system which has the better operability should be established, that means the residents will gain long-term sustainability supervision using incentive and punishment ways. In addition, waste classification effect should be become the assessment indexes about city community governance, and improving the public administration level.