洋河流域张家口段河流水质演化及驱动因子分析

洋河流域是官厅水库的重要入库水源,而官厅水库一度承担着北京市生活饮用水、生产用水及景观用水的供给任务,是北京市经济社会发展的重要保障.本研究以1992～2009年洋河流域张家口段水质监测数据为基础,选取11类影响水质的污染因子,利用综合指数法和灰色关联度法等评价手段,分析流域水质演化态势,筛选出主要污染因子并对水质演化的驱动因子进行解析.结果表明,1992～1996年,张家口段流域水质污染严重,但呈快速恢复态势;1997～2009年,水体趋于轻度污染,并保持在稳定状态,但污染因子仍有超标情况.主要污染物包括氨氮、石油类、高锰酸盐指数、BOD5,重金属Cr6+和Cd对水质影响也较大.水质演化的驱动因子主要是土地利用类型的改变,工业用地对水质影响较大,农业用地对水质影响较小.

Temporal Variation of Water Quality and Driving Factors in Yanghe Watershed of Zhangjiakou

Yanghe is an important water source for Guanting Reservoir, which once supplied the Beijing city with drinking water, industrial process water and water-use in landscape. Based on the data of water quality monitored by Yanghe watershed monitoring stations from 1992 to 2009, 11 pollutants were selected for analysis. The trends of changes in water quality were figured out, and the major pollutants and driving factors were measured by the integrated standard index and grey correlation analytical methods. The results showed that there were two stages of water quality change in Yanghe watershed of Zhangjiakou. Firstly, the water was polluted seriously but recovered rapidly from 1992 to 1996.Secondly, although light pollution occurred in the watershed from 1997 to 2009, the pollution factors were still above the limits. The main pollution factors are ammonia nitrogen, petroleum, permanganate index,BOD₅, Cr⁶⁺ and Cd. The main driving factor of water quality is the change of land use type, and the agricultural land showed less impact on water quality than the industrial land.