蓝藻好氧堆肥及其氮素损失控制的研究

选取锯木屑和药渣作为调理剂并分别添加酸化沸石、过磷酸钙和氢氧化镁与磷酸的混合液作为氮素固定剂或损失抑制剂,研究了蓝藻堆肥的效果.结果表明,V(蓝藻)∶V(锯木屑)∶V(药渣)=1∶1∶1时极易发酵.添加氮素固定剂在堆肥前期能促进发酵,特别是添加过磷酸钙的处理最高温度达66.8℃.固定剂的添加能促进物料的降解,尤其添加过磷酸钙的促进作用比较明显;各氮素固定剂在蓝藻堆肥过程中都起到了抑制氮素损失的作用,其中过磷酸钙和Mg(OH)2与H3PO4混合液对氮素的固定率达50%以上,且对氨氮的固定效果较好.堆肥结束后,添加过磷酸钙和Mg(OH)2与H3PO4混合液的两处理氨氮比堆肥起初分别增加23.52%和28.06%,P素分别增加了67.56%和36%.随着堆肥的进行,各处理堆肥物料中N、P、K含量均明显升高,C/N比显著下降,发芽指数增加到75%以上,而且添加氮素固定剂的处理效果更为明显.可见采用高温堆肥和氮素固定技术可有效实现蓝藻的资源化利用.

Study on Composting of Cyanobacteria Amended with Different N Loss Inhibitor

Aerobic composting of dewatered cyanobacteria spiked with sawdust and traditional Chinese medicine residue as bulking agent was conducted in the absence and presence of nitrogen fixatives with an aim to inhibit nitrogen loss during composting.Selected nitrogen fixatives included zeolite,calcium superphosphate,and Mg(OH)2-H3PO4 solution.The results showed that the raw mixed materials with 1∶1∶1(V/V/V) of cyanobacteria,sawdust,and traditional Chinese medicine residue was easily composted,as exhibiting that a higher composting temperature obtained within a short time especially for the treatment with the addition of calcium superphosphate being 66.8℃.The obvious inhibiting effect on the nitrogen loss during cyanobacteria composting were observed in the treatments spiked with the above three nitrogen fixatives.Above 50% of N loss was efficiently controlled or prevented due to the addition of calcium superphosphate or Mg(OH)2-H3PO4 solution.The content of NH+4-N in matured compost were increased by 23.52% for the treatment spiked with calcium superphosphate and 28.06% for the treatment spiked with Mg(OH)2-H3PO4 solution compared to initial phase of composting.Likewise,P were increased by 67.56% and 36% for the two treatment mentioned above.It was noted that the content of N,P,K,and seed germination index in compost obviously increase but the content of organic matter and C/N declined with the increase of composting time especially for these treatment amended with nitrogen fixatives.It was concluded that aerobic composting in the present of nitrogen fixatives was a suitable approach to treat dewatered cyanobacteria.