新型保水剂应用于土壤-小白菜系统的环境安全评价

保水剂作为一种抗旱节水材料,有广泛应用于农业生产的潜在价值.以基于植物萃取物合成的新型保水剂为对象,通过设置不同给水条件(超量、正常及缺水3个条件)和保水剂施用方法(底施和喷施2种方法),研究了保水剂使用对土壤水分、团粒结构、小白菜生长、土壤微生物生物量及微生物呼吸的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,保水剂的施用可显著提高土壤含水率,促进土壤大团聚体(>0.25 mm)的形成,有利于土壤微生物活性的提高(P<0.05).特别是在缺水条件下,保水剂对土壤环境的改善效果更为明显.此外,保水剂的使用方式是影响其节水效果的重要因素.与正常水分条件下的空白相比,在不影响小白菜产量的前提下,喷施Jaguar C(JC)可减少灌溉用水量约25%;而与缺水条件的空白相比,喷施JC处理则可提高小白菜产量2倍以上.综合以上结果表明,该类保水剂的使用对土壤生态系统有较明显的改善,是环境安全的农业节水技术.

Environmental Safety Assessment on the New Super Absorbent Polymers Applied into a Soil-Chinese Cabbage System

Super absorbent polymers (SAPs), a new water retention material, have a potential for application in water-saving agricultural production. In this study, we investigated the effects of SAPs, synthesized from natural plant extracts, on Chinese cabbage fresh weight, soil water content, soil water stable aggregates, soil microbial biomass (carbon) and soil microbial respiration under three water conditions (excessive, normal and deficient) and two SAPs application strategies (bulk treatment and spraying treatment). The results showed that the SAPs significantly promoted the soil water content, water-stable aggregates (>0.25 mm) and the soil microbial activities, especially under the water deficient conditions. Meanwhile, SAP application strategy was of great significance to the effects on Chinese cabbage and soil properties. Compared with the control treatment under normal water condition, spraying treatment of Jaguar C (S-JC) could reduce irrigation water amount by about 25% without reducing the crop production. Furthermore, compared with the control treatment under the same water condition with S-JC (deficient), it could increase Chinese cabbage production by 287%. Thus, SAPs is an environmental friendly water-saving technique in agricultural production.