锌冶炼-氯碱复合污染区昆虫中的重金属

采集葫芦岛草地中14种昆虫（植食性、杂食性、肉食性）及蚯蚓，测定生物体内汞、镉、铅含量，研究生物体内重金属污染情况.植食性昆虫汞、镉、铅平均含量分别为0.168、 9.19、 12.58 mg·kg^-1；杂食性昆虫汞、镉、铅平均含量分别为0.375、 24.43、 17.71 mg·kg^-1；肉食性昆虫汞、镉、铅平均含量0.928、 29.78、 18.39 mg·kg^-1；蚯蚓平均汞含量为1.923 mg·kg^-1，葫芦岛生物体内重金属污染严重.不同种类昆虫对重金属的富集能力差异较大，蜗牛、蜻蜓对汞的富集能力较高；蜘蛛对镉、铅的富集能力较高.昆虫体内重金属含量顺序为汞<铅<镉.汞、镉、铅含量由低到高的顺序均为植食性昆虫<杂食性昆虫<肉食性肉昆虫，杂食性昆虫与肉食性昆虫平均镉、铅含量之间较为接近.昆虫体内镉、铅含量之间极显著相关，而汞与镉、汞与铅含量之间的相关性较差.表明昆虫体内镉铅具有同一来源，而汞的来源较为复杂.

Heavy Metal Contents in Insects Collected from the Huludao City Suffering Pollution by Zinc Smelting and Cholor-alkai Production

14 insect species, which were classified to three groups: the herbivorous, the polyphagous and the carnivorous, and earthworms were collected from the grasslands in Huludao City, Iiaoning Province, China. Mercury, cadmium and lead contents in biota were determined to discuss the heavy metal pollution in organisms. Mercury, cadmium and lead contents were 0.168, 9.19 and 12.58 mg·kg~(-1) in the herbivorous insects, respectively; 0.375, 24.43 and 17.71 mg·kg~(-1) in the polyphagous insects, respectively; 0.928, 29.78 and 18.39 mg·kg~(-1) in the carnivorous insects, respectively. It showed that heavy metal pollution in biota in Huludao City was heavy. Bioaccumulation abilities to heavy metals significantly differed with insect species. Snails and dragonflies could accumulate more mercury than the other insects and spiders could accumulate the most cadmium and lead in all insect species. These three metals investigated in insects were all sorted as the herbivorous < the polyphagous < the carnivorous. Cadmium and lead contents between the polyphagous and the carnivorous varied slightly. Correlation analysis showed that cadmium and lead contents were significantly related, but mercury and cadmium or mercury and lead were not. It indicated that cadmium and lead in insects were from the same pollution sources while mercury was more complex.