松花江及哈尔滨市饮用水雌激素活性的调查与分析

利用固相萃取/酵母双杂交法调查了哈尔滨市饮用水及周边松花江水的雌激素活性.结果表明，松花江哈尔滨段江水在夏秋两季的雌激素活性［以雌二醇当量（EEQs）计］为528～965 pg·L^-1，其中上游水源地水雌激素活性水平较高.自来水厂对雌激素活性的去除率为34.6%～50.5%，整个水处理工艺并不能有效去除源水中的雌激素类物质，致使出厂水仍具有298～718 pg·L^-1的雌激素活性；自来水厂所采用的3种净水工艺中以混凝沉淀工艺对雌激素活性的去除最为稳定，去除率为11.4%～26.1%，占总去除的32.9%～69.0%，而砂滤与氯消毒工艺出水不稳定，雌激素活性有时较进水有升高现象发生.此外，由于管网配送过程中产生了二次污染，致使管网水雌激素活性较出厂水最高可升高44.9%.7次取样测得哈尔滨市管网水的雌激素活性为347～1 362 pg·L^-1，均值为738 pg·L^-1.

Survey of Estrogenic Activity of Songhua River Water and Drinking Water of Harbin

Solid phase extraction/yeast two-hybrid system was used to investigate estrogenic effects of Songhua River water of Harbin reach and drinking water of Harbin. Results show that the estrogenic activities of Songhua River water in summer and autumn are 528-965 pg·L^-1 estradiol equivalents (EEQs), and the estrogenic activity of source water is in a high level. The removal rates of estrogenic activity are 34.6%-50.5% in a waterworks of Harbin. It reveals that estrogenic pollutants in source water are not efficiently removed in the plant. As a result, a level of 298-718 pg·L^-1 of estrogenic activity is left in the effluent of the plant. Results also demonstrate that coagulation-sedimentation process is the most stable treatment in the removal of estrogenic activity among the three water treatment processes applied in the plant, with a removal efficiency of 11.4%-26.1% which accounts for 32.9%-69.0% of the total removal. Processes of sand filtration and chlorination are not stable, and estrogenic activities of their effluents sometimes are higher than those in their influents. Moreover, the estrogenic activity of tap water is increased to the maximum of 44.9% in comparison with that of the effluent of the plant due to the secondary contamination produced in the process of pipe delivering. The estrogenic activities of tap water of Harbin are 347-1 362 pg·L^-1 measured in seven sampling events, with a mean value of 738 pg·L^-1.