麻黄碱在斑马鱼体内的器官特异性蓄积及毒代动力学

麻黄碱（ephedrine，EPH）是一种生物碱，用于减轻感冒、过敏性鼻炎、鼻炎及鼻窦炎引起的鼻充血症状，控制支气管哮喘等，同时还是制造毒品冰毒的原料.EPH已经在地表水中广泛检出，并可能对水生生物甚至生态系统产生不利影响.但目前，EPH在水生生物中的摄取、器官分配和毒代动力学过程还没有受到关注.本研究中将斑马鱼（Danio rerio）在半静态系统中暴露于EPH，研究斑马鱼的不同器官对EPH的吸收、蓄积以及EPH在斑马鱼体内的毒物代动力学.暴露浓度分别为0.01、1.00和100.00 μg·L^-1，暴露14 d后，在斑马鱼脑、肝、肠、卵巢及肌肉中均检测到EPH，高浓度组斑马鱼脑中EPH最高达到84.97 ng·g^-1；EPH的平均含量的相对大小遵循以下顺序：脑 > 卵巢 > 肝 >肠 > 肌肉.斑马鱼器官中的麻黄碱的摄取速率常数（K_u）为0.23~570.31 L·（kg·d）^-1，消除速率常数（K_e）为1.22~6.11 d^-1，半衰期为0.12~0.57 d.观察到的生物富集系数（BCF_o）和动力学来源的生物富集系数（BCF_k）范围分别为0.24~337.33 L·kg^-1和0.13~316.43 L·kg^-1，处于相同的水平.

Organ-Specific Accumulation and Toxicokinetics of Ephedrine in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Ephedrine (EPH) is an alkaloid commonly used to relieve nasal congestion caused by colds, allergic rhinitis, rhinitis, and sinusitis, and to control bronchial asthma. It is also be used as a raw material in the manufacture of methamphetamine. Although the distribution of EPH in surface waters has been widely studied, its uptake, internal distribution, and toxicokinetic processing in exposed organisms have not been well investigated. In this study, we investigated the uptake, disposition, and toxicokinetics of EPH in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in a semi-static exposure system. EPH was consistently detected in zebrafish biological samples, with the highest concentrations of 84.97 ng·g^-1 detected in the brain tissue of fish in the high treatment group. Over the 14-d exposure period, the relative abundance of mean concentrations of EPH in biological samples generally followed the order of brain > ovary > liver > intestine > muscle. The uptake rate constants (K_u), elimination rate constants (K_e), and half-lives of EPH in the biological tissues were in the ranges 0.23-570.31 L·(kg·d)^-1, 1.22-6.11 d^-1, and 0.12-0.57 d, respectively. The observed bioconcentration factor (BCF_o) and kinetically-derived bioconcentration factor (BCF_k) were similar, ranging 0.24-337.33 L·kg^-1 and 0.13-316.43 L·kg^-1, respectively. These results are helpful for understanding the behavior of psychoactive substances in aquatic organisms and have directive significance for studying their toxicity and ecological risks to aquatic organisms.