我国经济快速发展区工业VOCs排放特征及管控对策

近年来随着我国经济快速发展，挥发性有机物（VOCs）作为雾、霾和臭氧前驱物日益受到关注，经济快速发展区VOCs污染情况尤为复杂.本文对京津冀、长三角和珠三角的12种典型工业行业及垃圾、废水处理厂与综合工业园区、居民区的VOCs排放特征与分布趋势进行系统分析.解析出制药、橡胶和油漆喷涂为12种典型工业行业中VOCs平均排放浓度最高的3个行业，得到平均浓度分别为541、499和450 mg·m^-3，应给予高度关注.对比分析发现长三角与京津冀地区平均排放浓度最高是制药行业，分别为112 mg·m^-3和1.00×10³ mg·m^-3；而珠三角地区油漆喷涂行业排放最高，平均浓度为1.04×10³ mg·m^-3.进一步对12种典型工业行业VOCs种类分布情况进行分析，发现毒性大的芳香烃与卤代烃分别在油漆喷涂与制药行业中排放占比最高，达到55.99%和26.57%.三大经济区中长三角地区居民区与综合工业园区附近VOCs浓度最低，京津冀地区浓度最高，与各地区工业排放分布情况一致.分析2002~2018年的数据发现居民区VOCs浓度整体呈现波动性下降趋势，尤其2016年后显著降低，反映出我国VOCs防治的相关政策、法律法规和标准及技术对现阶段VOCs控制起到了显著成效.

Industrial Emission Characteristics and Control Countermeasures of VOCs in Chinese Rapid Economic Development Areas

With the rapid development of China''s economy, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as the precursor of smog and ozone are of increasing concern, especially in rapidly developing areas. This paper is a systematic analysis of VOCs emissions and distribution trends in 12 typical industrial sectors, garbage and wastewater treatment plants, comprehensive industrial parks, and residential districts in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta Regions. The results show that pharmacy, rubber producing, as well as paint spraying are the top three industries among the 12 typical industries with the highest average VOCs emission concentrations at 541, 499, and 450 mg·m^-3, respectively. By comparison, the average emission concentration of VOCs from the pharmaceutical industry in Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region was, respectively, about 112 and 1.00×10³ mg·m^-3. The paint spraying industry in the Pearl River Delta region has the highest emission rate with an average concentration of 1.04×10³ mg·m^-3. The investigation pertaining to the distribution of different VOCs categories indicates that highly toxic aromatics and halogenated hydrocarbons account for the highest emissions in paint spraying and pharmaceutical industries, reaching ratios of 55.99% and 26.57%, respectively. Additionally, among the three major economic zones, the VOCs concentration is the lowest in residential areas and comprehensive industrial parks in the Yangtze River Delta but the highest in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, which is consistent with the distribution of industrial emissions in each region. Moreover, the research reveals that VOCs concentration in residential districts experienced a fluctuating reduction from 2002 to 2018. The significant reduction since 2016 suggests that formulated policies, laws and standards, along with the performed techniques have made significant contributions to the control of VOCs.