晋城城市扬尘化学组成特征及来源解析

采集晋城市城市扬尘及其他污染源样品,分析其中元素、离子、碳含量,选取富集因子分析法、潜在生态风险评价法、化学质量平衡模型分析城市扬尘化学组成及来源,为制定有效的城市扬尘污染防治工作方案提供科学依据.结果表明,晋城市城市扬尘中主量成分包括Si、TC、Ca、OC、Al、Mg、Na、Fe、K和SO_4~(2-),质量分数总和为61.14%.地壳元素在城市扬尘中含量最丰富,离子更易在细颗粒上富集.OC在PM_(2.5)上的质量分数较高,EC在PM_(10)上的质量分数较高,说明二次有机污染物主要集中在细颗粒上.城市扬尘PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)潜在生态风险指数均为极强,且PM_(2.5)比PM_(10)具有更强的生态危害性.城市扬尘中Pb的富集因子最大,在PM_(2.5)中达196.97,其次为As、Cr、Ni、V、Zn、Cu,且这些重金属元素的富集因子均在10以上,表明这几种元素显著富集,受人类活动影响较大.土壤风沙尘、建筑水泥尘、机动车尾气尘、煤烟尘是城市扬尘的主要来源.

Chemical Compositions and Sources Apportionment of Re-suspended Dust in Jincheng

In order to make effective plan to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of re-suspended dust(RD),samples of particulate sources including RD and other pollution sources of Jincheng were collected. Elements, ions and carbon in particulate sources were analyzed. Enrichment factor, potential ecological risk assessment, and chemical mass balance model were used to analyze the chemical composition and the source of RD. The result indicated that the main components in RD of Jingcheng were Si, TC, Ca, OC, Al, Mg, Na, Fe, K and SO₄^2-, contributing 61.14% of total mass of RD. The most abundant content of RD was crustal elements, and the ions were enriched in the fine particles. The mass fraction of OC in PM_2.5 was higher, whereas the mass fraction of EC in PM₁₀ was higher, indicating that secondary organic pollutants were mainly dominated in the fine particles. The dust PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ potential ecological risk indexes were extremely strong, and PM_2.5 had higher ecological harm than PM₁₀. Pb had the highest enrichment factor of 196.97 in PM_2.5, which was followed by As, Cr, Ni, V, Zn and Cu, the enrichment factors of which were all greater than 10, indicating that they were apparently enriched and affected by human activities. Soil dust, construction dust, vehicle exhaust, and coal dust were the main sources of RD.