江西铜矿及冶炼厂周边土壤和农作物稀土元素含量与评价

研究江西省铜矿开采和冶炼对周边农田土壤、农作物稀土元素含量的影响.结果表明,铜矿开采和冶炼可提高土壤及农作物稀土元素的含量.德兴银山铅锌铜矿和贵溪冶炼厂周边农田土壤中总稀土元素含量范围分别为112.42~397.02mg·kg-1和48.81~250.06 mg·kg-1,总稀土元素平均值分别为254.84 mg·kg-1和144.21 mg·kg-1,分别是江西省背景值的1.21倍和0.68倍,全国背景值的1.36倍和0.77倍,对照样点的3.59倍和2.03倍.贵溪冶炼厂周边10种农作物样品中总稀土元素含量范围为0.35~2.87 mg·kg-1,作物叶子中的稀土元素含量高于茎和块根.番茄、空心菜叶和萝卜叶中总稀土元素含量分别为2.87、1.58和0.80 mg·kg-1,均超过我国蔬菜和水果卫生标准的总稀土元素含量限值(0.70 mg·kg-1).矿区居民终身摄入稀土元素的总量为17.72μg·(kg·d)-1,低于安全剂量和临界值,对人体还不构成健康风险.研究结果说明在江西进行铜矿开采和冶炼时必须重视稀土元素对周边环境的影响.

Rare Earth Elements Content in Farmland Soils and Crops of the Surrounding Copper Mining and Smelting Plant in Jiangxi Province and Evaluation of Its Ecological Risk

Rare earth elements content in farmland soils and crops of the surrounding copper mining and smelting plant in Jiangxi province was studied. The results showed that copper mining and smelting could increase the content of rare earth elements in soils and crops. Rare earth elements content in farmland soils of the surrounding Yinshan Lead Zinc Copper Mine and Guixi Smelting Plant varied from 112.42 to 397.02 mg·kg^-1 and 48.81 to 250.06 mg·kg^-1, and the average content was 254.84 mg·kg^-1 and 144.21 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The average contents of rare earth elements in soils in these two areas were 1.21 times and 0.68 times of the background value in Jiangxi province, 1.36 times and 0.77 times of the domestic background value, 3.59 times and 2.03 times of the control samples, respectively. Rare earth elements content in 10 crops of the surrounding Guixi Smelting Plant varied from 0.35 to 2.87 mg·kg^-1. The contents of rare earth elements in the leaves of crops were higher than those in stem and root. The contents of rare earth elements in Tomato, lettuce leaves and radish leaves were respectively 2.87 mg·kg^-1, 1.58 mg·kg^-1 and 0.80 mg·kg^-1, which were well above the hygienic standard limit of rare earth elements in vegetables and fruits (0.70 mg·kg^-1). According to the health risk assessment method recommended by America Environmental Protection Bureau (USEPA), we found that the residents' lifelong average daily intake of rare earth elements was 17.72 mg·(kg·d)^-1, lower than the critical value of rare earth elements damage to human health. The results suggested that people must pay attention to the impact of rare earth elements on the surrounding environment when they mine and smelt copper ore in Jiangxi.