乌江中上游段河水主要离子化学特征及控制因素

开展人类活动影响下乌江中上游段河流水化学特征研究,有助于流域地表水资源有效开发利用和保护.本文采用主成分分析法对乌江中上游段的六冲河、三岔河、猫跳河、清水河的主要离子化学特征及控制因素进行了定量评价.结果表明,乌江上游段4条河流优势阳离子均为Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+),两者占全部阳离子的70%以上,阴离子以HCO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4为主,两者占总阴离子的85%以上.与乌江1999年水化学数据相比,本次样品的阴阳离子浓度出现了明显增加,主要表现在NO~-_3、SO~(2-)_4等受人为活动影响显著的离子方面.受流域碳酸盐岩地层的控制,4条河流水化学类型以HCO_3~-Ca为主,少部分样点为HCO_3·SO_4-Ca型,反映出部分样点可能受到人类源的SO~(2-)_4影响.河水中Na~+、K~+、Cl~-主要来源于大气输入,Ca~(2+)、HCO~-_3、Mg~(2+)主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解;NO~-_3和SO~(2-)_4主要来源于人为活动.主成分分析法和相关分析得出:六冲河、三岔河、清水河上游水化学成分主要受大气降水及碳酸盐岩的溶解因子的控制,向下游受人为活动因子影响均增强;猫跳河上游、下游水化学组成主要受大气降水及碳酸盐岩的溶解控制,而中游湖泊受人为活动影响明显.清水河支流南明河中下游水化学组成主要受人为活动因子控制.

Major Ionic Features and Their Controlling Factors in the Upper-Middle Reaches of Wujiang River

The Wujing River, the largest river in Guizhou Province, is one of the most important water resources for social and economical development. Recently, with the fast population proliferation and rapid economic growth, the drainage basin is intensively interfered by anthropogenic activities. The hydrochemistry of surface water was analyzed from the upper-middle reaches of Wujiang River for investigating the hydrochemical characteristics and their main influencing factors. The results showed that the major cations of the four rivers were Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, accounting for more than 70%, and the main anions were HCO₃^- and SO₄^2-, occupying more than 85%. The hydrochemical characteristics in the four rivers were found to be of HCO₃-Ca type, and mainly determined by the carbonate rock dissolution, while only a small proportion of them were of HCO₃·SO₄-Ca type, reflecting the influence of SO₄^2- from anthropogenic activities. Compared to hydrochemical data in 1999, there was an obvious increase in cations and anions concentrations, majorly in NO₃^-, SO₄^2- ion concentrations, which were significantly affected by human activities. The Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^- in the river mainly came from atmospheric precipitation, and Ca²⁺, HCO₃^-, Mg²⁺ mainly came from carbonate rocks dissolution, while NO₃^- and SO₄^2- mainly came from human activities. According to principal component analysis and correlation analysis, hydrochemical composition of Liuchong River was affected by human activity, and that in the upstream of Sancha River was controlled by atmospheric precipitation and the dissolution of carbonate rocks, that to the downstream was enhanced by human activities. The main ion of Maotiao River was controlled by atmospheric precipitation and carbonate rocks dissolution, and also affected by human activity. The Nanming River, the Qingshui river''s tributary, was mainly affected by human activity, while the middle and lower reaches of Qingshui River were affected by both the atmospheric precipitation and human activity.