湿生环境中丛枝菌根(AM)对香蒲耐Cd胁迫的影响

湿生植物在城市景观绿化和美化中应用越来越多,但也经常遭遇环境污染胁迫的问题.大量研究证实丛枝菌根(AM)可提高陆生植物耐受环境污染胁迫的能力,但对湿生植物的影响却鲜有认识.通过水培实验,探索接种AM真菌(Glomus etunicatum)对香蒲(Typha latifolia)耐受Cd2+(0、2.5、5.0 mg·L-1)胁迫的影响,旨在为评估菌根技术能否用于提高湿生植物抗耐环境污染胁迫的能力提供参考.结果表明,在湿生环境中AM真菌可与香蒲建立良好的共生关系,侵染率高于30%,但菌根化香蒲移入水溶液1个月后侵染率均呈下降趋势,最大下降25.5%(P0.05).AM增加了香蒲子叶的色素含量和POD酶活性,提高了根系的泌氧速率,但仅显著促进了5 mg·L-1Cd2+下香蒲的生长.虽然高浓度Cd2+抑制了香蒲的生长且侵染率下降,但AM仍能促进两个Cd2+浓度下香蒲对Cd的吸收,地上、地下部Cd含量最大增加40.24%和56.52%.本研究表明,AM具有增强湿生植物抗耐和修复环境重金属污染的潜力.

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) on Tolerance of Cattail to Cd Stress in Aquatic Environment

Hygrophytes are planted more and more in landscaping and greening in many cities, but they often encounter threat from environmental pollution. Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) have been confirmed to enhance the tolerance of terrestrial plants to environmental pollution in many previous studies, but it is unclear how they affect hygrophytes. In the present study, a hydroponic culture experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of AM fungi (Glomus etunicatum) inoculation on the tolerance of cattail (Typha latifolia) to different concentrations Cd²⁺ (0, 2.5, 5.0 mg ·L^-1). The aim was to provide reference for evaluating whether mycorrhizal technology can be used to enhance the tolerance of hygrophytes to environmental pollution. The results showed that symbiotic association was well established between AM fungi and cattail roots, and the mycorrhizal colonization rates (MCR) were beyond 30%. However, MCR presented downward trend one month after mycorrhizal cattails were transported to solution, and the maximal decrease was 25.5% (P < 0.05). AM increased pigment concentrations and peroxidase (POD) activity in cattail leaves, and also increased roots radial oxygen loss. However, AM only produced significant effect on increase of fresh weight in 5 mg ·L^-1 Cd²⁺ solution. Although plant growth was inhibited by 5 mg ·L^-1 Cd²⁺ and MCR was lower, AM increased Cd uptake of cattail at the two Cd²⁺ levels, and the maximal increments were 40.24% and 56.52% in aboveground and underground parts, respectively. This study indicates that AM has potential to enhance the tolerance of hygrophytes to environmental pollution and might be used to remedy heavy metal pollution.