污水回用中主要病原菌解析及其紫外消毒效应

本研究以污水处理厂二级出水中的微生物为研究对象,通过454焦磷酸测序技术分析其群落结构组成,揭示了主要病源菌的种类和比例;通过培养法、q PCR、Q-RT-PCR这3种方法分析紫外剂量为60 m J·cm-2时对指示菌大肠杆菌和典型病原菌沙门氏菌及分枝杆菌的去除特性.结果表明,二级出水中共有11种病原菌,主要为梭菌属(2.96%)、弓形杆菌属(0.82%)和分枝杆菌(0.36%).60 m J·cm-2剂量的紫外消毒可以有效去除99.9%可培养的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌,对可培养分枝杆菌的去除率不足90%.但是,该剂量紫外消毒对活性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和分枝杆菌的去除率较低,Q-RT-PCR检测方法可以较准确评价微生物的存活状态.60 m J·cm-2紫外剂量会导致大量病原菌进入具有活性但不可培养(VBNC)状态,需结合其他深度处理工艺进一步去除活性病原菌以保障污水回用的安全利用.

Analysis of Pathogenic Bacteria in Reclaimed Water and Impact of UV Disinfection on the Removal of Pathogenic Bacteria

In the study, 454-pyrosequencing technology was employed to investigate the species of pathogenic bacteria and the proportion of each pathogen in secondary effluent. Culture-based, qPCR and Q-RT-PCR methods were employed to analyze the removal of indicator (E.coli) and pathogen (Salmonella and Mycobacterium) by ultraviolet (UV) disinfection at a dose of 60 mJ ·cm^-2. The results showed that 11 kinds of pathogenic bacteria were found and the most abundant potentially pathogenic bacteria in the secondary effluent were affiliated with the genera of Clostridium (2.96%), Arcobacter(0.82%) and Mycobacterium(0.36%). 99.9% of culturable E. coli and Salmonella were removed by UV disinfection (60 mJ ·cm^-2), however, less than 90% of culturable Mycobacterium were removed. The removal efficiencies of viable E.coli, Salmonella and Mycobacterium were low. Q-RT-PCR seemed to be a promising method for evaluating viable microorganisms in samples. Besides, pathogenic bacteria entered into VBNC state at a UV dose of 60 mJ ·cm^-2. Other advanced treatment processes were needed to ensure safe utilization of reclaimed water.