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重型柴油车车载排放实测与加载影响研究
引用本文:黄成,陈长虹,景启国,潘汉生,王海鲲,李莉,黄海英,赵静,戴懿,王少俊,蔺宏轶,Matthew Barth,Richard Nikkila.重型柴油车车载排放实测与加载影响研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(11):2303-2308.
作者姓名:黄成  陈长虹  景启国  潘汉生  王海鲲  李莉  黄海英  赵静  戴懿  王少俊  蔺宏轶  Matthew Barth  Richard Nikkila
作者单位:1. 上海市环境科学研究院,上海,200233
2. 华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海,200237
3. 美国加州大学河畔分校,河畔市美国
基金项目:上海市交通环境可持续发展指标体系研究项目(00138.07)
摘    要:采用车载排放测试仪,对2辆重型柴油卡车在空载和加载条件下进行实际道路车载排放测试.通过分析获得了油耗与排放速率的速度-加速度及其工况点的分布,发现高油耗与高排放工况点主要集中在高速加速区域,加载时油耗与排放高值随工况点分布更广;车辆在(30±2.5)km·h-1等速及加速行驶时受加载影响最大,此时加载油耗与排放约是空载的1.6~3.2倍左右;由实测结果发现,卡车Ⅰ和卡车Ⅱ加载时油耗及CO、HC、NOx排放因子分别是空载的1.6倍、3.5倍、1.1倍、1.5倍以及1.2倍、1.0倍、0.9倍和1.5倍,加载对油耗与NOx排放影响最为明显,对HC影响最小,CO影响取决于车辆保养水平;卡车Ⅱ较卡车Ⅰ车型更大,发动机功率更高,相同荷载时受加载影响较小,说明重型车在发动机负荷可承受的范围内合理装载,有助于避免油耗与排放恶化,提高燃油经济性和排放水平.

关 键 词:重型柴油车  车载测试仪  加载  排放因子
文章编号:0250-3301(2006)11-2303-06
收稿时间:2005-12-26
修稿时间:2005-12-262006-02-22

Study of On-board Emission Measurement for Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle and Its Impact with Load
Huang Cheng,Chen Chang-Hong,Jing Qi-Guo,Pan Han-Sheng,Wang Hai-Kun,Li Li,Huang Hai-Ying,Zhao Jing,Dai Yi,Wang Shao-Jun,Lin Hong-Yi,Barth Matthew,Nikkila Richard.Study of On-board Emission Measurement for Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle and Its Impact with Load[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2006,27(11):2303-2308.
Authors:Huang Cheng  Chen Chang-Hong  Jing Qi-Guo  Pan Han-Sheng  Wang Hai-Kun  Li Li  Huang Hai-Ying  Zhao Jing  Dai Yi  Wang Shao-Jun  Lin Hong-Yi  Barth Matthew  Nikkila Richard
Institution:Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China. the_light@sohu.com
Abstract:Real world vehicle emission tests were conducted on two heavy-duty diesel trucks on un-loaded and loaded condition by using a portable emission measurement system. By analysis, the results indicate high fuel consumption and emission rates are concentrated on the high speed and acceleration areas of the speed-acceleration emission maps and the areas are much wider on loaded condition. The impact of load on fuel use and emissions will be highest while the vehicle is cruising or accelerating on (30 +/- 2.5) km x h(-1), which are 1.6 - 3.2 times of those on un-loaded condition. Synthetically, the comprehensive fuel consumption and CO, HC, NO(x) emission factors of truck I and truck II on loaded condition are respectively 1.6, 3.5, 1.1, 1.5 times and 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, 1.5 times of those without load. Load has greatest impact on fuel consumption and NO(x) emission and less effect on HC emission. As for the CO emission, it depends on the maintenance of the truck. It can be figured out from the results on two trucks that the impact of same load will be lower on a vehicle with lager type and more powerful engine, which means if one vehicle is loaded on its acceptable range of GVWR, fuel use and emissions caused by heavy loads could be decreased correspondingly.
Keywords:heavy-duty diesel vehicle  portable emission measurement system  loaded  emission factor
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