城市绿化草坪再生水灌溉对地下水水质影响研究

再生水是城市绿化的良好水源,但其潜在的地下水污染问题不容忽视.本研究基于对地下水及其灌溉水水质的长期监测,探讨了绿化草坪地下水主要理化性质和污染物浓度的变化规律及其与灌溉用水水质的关系.连续5 a的监测结果表明,再生水氨氮超出用于城市绿化的城市杂用水水质标准（GB/T 18920-2002）,总氮偏高,二者变化范围分别为0.05～65.4 mg·L-1和2.56～78.0 mg·L-1,平均值分别为12.0 mg·L-1和28.3 mg·L-1.使用自来水灌溉,地下水水质指标正常,波动不大;用再生水灌溉草坪（冬末初春4个月未浇）对地下6 m浅井水质影响明显,对20 m深井水质影响不明显,主要变化表现在硝态氮浓度值升高.浅井地下水硝态氮浓度与灌溉的再生水溶解态氮呈滞后的显著正相关性,表明用再生水灌溉草坪可能会引起地下浅层水硝态氮污染.因此,需要根据城市绿化用水量大的特点,进一步完善再生水回用标准,避免再生水回用造成新的环境污染风险.

Impacts of Reclaimed Water Irrigation of Urban Lawn on Groundwater Quality

Based on long-term monitoring of groundwater and irrigation water quality, the dynamics of the main physicochemical property and pollutant concentration of groundwater influenced by reclaimed water irrigation were examined in this study. The results of our five-year continuous study showed that the ammonium nitrogen concentration in reclaimed water ranged 0.05-65.4 mg·L^-1 with an average of 12.0 mg·L^-1, which exceeded the urban miscellaneous water quality standards for urban greening (GB/T 18920-2002). The total nitrogen in reclaimed water averaged at 28.3 mg·L^-1, ranging from 2.56 mg·L^-1 to 78.0 mg·L^-1, which was also relatively high. The groundwater quality indexes were normal with small fluctuations under tap-water irrigation. The influence of lawn irrigation with reclaimed water on the groundwater water quality was significant in the shallow well with a depth of 6 m, but not obvious in the deep well with a depth of 20 m. The greatest change was found in the enhanced value of nitrate concentration. The nitrate nitrogen concentration in shallow underground water had significantly positive correlation but lagging with the concentration of dissolved nitrogen in the irrigation reclaimed water, which indicated that lawn irrigation with reclaimed water might cause nitrate nitrogen pollution in shallow underground water. Therefore, considering the huge water consumption for the urban greening, it is suggested that the criteria of reclaimed water reuse should be further improved to avoid the risk of environmental pollution.