松花江流域冰封期水体中多环芳烃的污染特征研究

在松花江流域的3个主要江段：嫩江、第二松花江和松花江干流,于2010年冰封期采集了21个水体样品,分析了多环芳烃的污染特征.结果表明,15种PAHs的浓度范围为23.4～85.1 ng·L-1,平均浓度为（50.3±17）ng·L-1,与我国其它地区地表水中PAHs的污染程度相当.松花江流域水体中PAHs具有明显的空间分布特征,城市下游浓度高于上游,说明沿岸城市的污水排放可能是松花江水体中PAHs的主要污染源,主成分分析表明,PAHs的主要来源是化石燃料的燃烧源.商值法生态风险评价结果显示,相对分子质量高的PAHs造成的生态风险可以忽略,相对分子质量低的PAHs对松花江水体会造成一定的危害.

Pollution Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water of Songhua River Basin During the Icebound Season

The pollution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water samples of the three major sections of the Songhua River Basin (the Nenjiang River, the Second Songhua River and the mainstream of the Songhua River) were studied. A total of 21 surface water samples were collected in icebound season in 2010 along the bank. The total concentrations of 15 species of PAHs ranged from 23.4 ng·L^-1 to 85.1 ng·L^-1, with an average concentration at (50.3±17) ng·L^-1, which was comparable with those of other rivers in China. PAHs had higher concentration in lower reaches of the river around neighboring cities, which maybe caused by municipal/industrial effluents of the cities along the bank. The sources of PAHs were further identified by principal component analysis (PCA), which indicated that the main source of PAHs was fossil fuel related combustion in Songhua River. The potential ecosystem risk assessment of individual PAHs was characterized by risk quotient (RQ). The results indicated that the ecological risk of high molecular weight PAHs was negligible and low molecular weight PAHs possessed greater ecological risk.