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南黄海表层海水重金属的变化特征及影响因素
引用本文:贺志鹏,宋金明,张乃星,徐亚岩,郑国侠,张蓬.南黄海表层海水重金属的变化特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,2008,29(5):1153-1162.
作者姓名:贺志鹏  宋金明  张乃星  徐亚岩  郑国侠  张蓬
作者单位:1. 中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛,266071;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049
2. 中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛,266071
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) , 中国科学院"百人计划" , 山东省青岛市科技发展基金
摘    要:根据1997~2004年每年1次的南黄海表层海水重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn)及有关环境因子的调查数据,重点研究了2003-10南黄海表层海水重金属的分布特征、控制其分布的生物地球化学机制以及8 a的年际变化趋势.结果表明,2003-10南黄海表层海水中As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn的平均浓度分别为2.33、0.078、1.41、0.0036、0.37、6.21μg/L.8 a中重金属除Zn有明显的上升趋势外,其它元素变化较小.重金属的分布模式与离岸距离有关,即除Pb外,在离岸较远的南黄海中部地区含量较低,而近岸海区则普遍较高,这种分布模式典型地体现了人类活动对近海的影响.对于重金属在局部海区的分布,亦存在其它控制因子,如Pb受大气沉降影响较大, Cd与海水盐度和pH密切相关, Hg受海水中有机碳浓度影响较大,沉积物再悬浮影响着As的浓度与分布, Cu、Zn则典型地受到了径流和排污的影响.8 a海水重金属浓度的均值皆符合国家一类海水水质标准,采用潜在生态危害指数法(ERI)分析2003年6种重金属的叠加生态效应,结果显示海水总的重金属生态危害指数较可发生重金属生态危害的ERI值小一个数量级,这从重金属的角度说明南黄海海水质量良好.

关 键 词:重金属  分布特征  年际变化  影响因素  南黄海  表层海水
收稿时间:6/7/2007 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2007/7/13 0:00:00

Variation Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Heavy Metals in the South Yellow Sea Surface Seawaters
HE Zhi-peng,SONG Jin-ming,ZHANG Nai-xing,XU Ya-yan,ZHENG Guo-xia and ZHANG Peng.Variation Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Heavy Metals in the South Yellow Sea Surface Seawaters[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2008,29(5):1153-1162.
Authors:HE Zhi-peng  SONG Jin-ming  ZHANG Nai-xing  XU Ya-yan  ZHENG Guo-xia and ZHANG Peng
Institution:Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. hezhipeng@ms.qdio.ac.cn
Abstract:Based on the 8 cruises data of surface seawater heavy metals and other related environmental factors from 1997 to 2004 of the South Yellow Sea (SYS), distribution patterns, mechanisms controlling the distributions and pollution levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) were studied with the data of 2003-10, and 8-year-fluctuation trends of heavy metals were also discussed. The average concentrations of heavy metals in surface seawater were 2.33, 0.078, 1.41, 0.003 6, 0.37, 6.21 microg/L respectively. The average concentrations showed a relatively stable trend in 8 years, except Zn's distinct upward tendency. The distribution patterns corresponded to the distance away from the coastline,that was, the content of heavy metals (except Pb) was low in central area while high inshore. Those were responses of human activity in the marginal sea, however, in some local areas, Pb was controlled by atmospheric deposition, Cd was relative to pH and salinity, Hg was related to organic carbon, Cu and Zn were influenced by runoff and drainage, and the resuspending of sediments played important roles on the content and distribution of As. Compared to the Marine Water Quality Standard of China, heavy metals indicated that SYS was a first class sea, and Ecological Risk Index analysis showed that SYS was a low ecological risk sea. In conclusion, seawater quality of heavy metals in SYS surface seawater is relatively good in general.
Keywords:heavy metals  distribution characteristics  annual variation  controlling factors  South Yellow Sea  surface seawater
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