实车三效催化剂表面成分分析

对主要在北京行驶的总里程在34×104～59×104km的6辆轻型出租车用三效催化剂,利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析了其表面元素的种类、含量,以及污染物元素含量与行驶里程的关系.结果表明,在催化剂表面检测到的元素种类近30种,含量较高的元素种类基本相同.前后级催化剂上检测到的共同污染物元素有P、Ca、Zn和Mn等,主要来自于机油和汽油,34×104km行驶里程后,P在催化剂的累积速度已非常缓慢,Ca、Zn和Mn在催化剂表面的沉积经过56×104km后仍有增加的趋势.在后级催化剂上还检测到了明显的S含量,说明S更容易在后级催化剂上沉积.经过40×104km行驶里程后,S在催化剂表面的沉积量基本达到平衡状态.累积规律说明经过40×104km行驶里程后,容易使催化剂中毒的P和S对催化剂活性影响已较小,而Ca、Zn和Mn的持续累积,将会继续降低催化剂的活性.

Analysis of Surface Composition of Three-way Catalysts of in-use Vehicles

The kinds and contents of surface elements in three-way catalysts of six light-duty in-use taxi cabs, which were mainly operated in Beijing and whose driving mileages were in the range of 34×10⁴-59×10⁴ km, were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), and the effect of driving mileage on element content was investigated. Results showed that nearly 30 kinds of elements were present on the catalyst surface. The main elements of different samples were similar. The common elements of the pollutant on the front and rear catalysts were P, Ca, Zn and Mn etc., most of which are from engine oil and gasoline. S was only observed on the rear catalysts, indicating that S tends to deposit on the rear catalysts. After 34×10⁴ km run, the P content increased very slowly and 40×10⁴ km run S content reached a saturated value. While the contents of Ca, Zn and Mn still exhibit an increase tendency after 56×10⁴ km. That means after 40×10⁴ km driving mileage, the effects of P and S on the catalyst activity are minor, and the continuous deposit of Ca, Zn and Mn will lead to further decrease of the activity.