城市区域近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向季节变化

随着城市高层建筑的出现,人类日常生活的垂向空间范围逐渐向上延伸,近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向分布的季节特征值得关注.本研究分别在春、夏、秋、冬四季采集贵阳市某生活-文教区近地表不同空间高度平台上的灰尘样品,分析灰尘沉降通量及灰尘中Ca、Fe、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量,探讨灰尘沉降通量及元素含量随空间高度的变化,揭示区域近地表灰尘及重金属沉降垂向分布的季节变化特征.结果表明,空间高度灰尘沉降通量季节变化总体上表现为冬季灰尘沉降通量最大,春季次之,夏季最低;冬季灰尘沉降通量沿垂向空间高度的分布差异最大,其次是夏季,春秋两季灰尘沉降通量垂向空间差异较小;季节变化对低层空间平台灰尘沉降通量影响大于高层空间;春季灰尘中元素含量最高,秋季灰尘重元素含量相对较低;元素含量随时空变化最大的是Zn,变化较小的是Ca.冬、春季节大气逆温层可能是灰尘沉降量和Pb、Zn等元素含量升高的原因之一.

Seasonal Provincial Characteristics of Vertical Distribution of Dust Loadings and Heavy Metals near Surface in City

With the emergence of urban high-rise building, the vertical space of human daily life gradually extended upward. Seasonal characteristics of vertical distribution of dust loadings and heavy metals near surface are remarkable. In this study, we collected dust deposited on the windowsill at different space height (1th-8th floor) from three buildings in Guiyang city during spring, summer, autumn and winter, and analyzed the deposition fluxes of dust and elements including Ca, Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The results showed that: the total changing trend of vertical distribution of dust loadings was that the deposition fluxes of dust in winter were the highest, followed by those in spring, and the deposition fluxes of dust in summer were the lowest. The degree of variation on dust loadings dependent on the change of elevation was the highest in winter, followed by that in summer, and was relatively lower in spring and autumn. The effect on dust loadings by seasonal changing was relatively heavier on windowsill on the lower level than on the higher level. The levels of elements were the highest in spring dust, while those in autumn were relatively lower. Among the 8 elements, the variability of Zn in dust related to space time variation was the most obvious, and that of Ca was weaker. The atmospheric inversion condition might be one of the reasons that improved the deposition fluxes of dust and the contents of Pb and Zn in dust during winter and spring.