辽宁典型海域表层海水中在用化学农药浓度水平与潜在生态风险

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪分析了辽宁典型海域表层海水中14种在用化学农药（current use pesticides，CUPs）浓度水平，探讨了CUPs的可能来源，并评估其潜在生态风险.结果表明，辽宁典型海域表层海水中共检出7种CUPs，总浓度水平范围为16.7~176.1 ng·L^-1，高值区域主要位于河流入海口，辽东湾西部海域CUPs检出浓度普遍高于黄海东北部海域.除草剂阿特拉津（atrazine）和杀菌剂三唑醇（triadimenol）在检出7种CUPs中占比最高，贡献率分别为56.0%和34.5%.源解析表明，6种CUPs可能来源于农田退水等径流输入和生产化学农药的工厂废水排放等，水果种植业则可能是单一组分乙草胺（acetochlor）的重要贡献源.除草剂阿特拉津和乙草胺对研究海域微藻存在中等-高风险，7种CUPs对无脊椎动物和鱼类的风险均处于较低水平.

Concentration Levels and Potential Ecological Risks of Current Use Pesticides in the Surface Seawater of Typical Liaoning Sea Areas

Fourteen current-use pesticides (CUPs) in the surface seawaters of the typical Liaoning sea areas were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. The concentrations, distribution, and ecological risks were studied, as well as their source appointments using principal component analysis (PCA). The results revealed that seven types of CUPs were detected in the surface seawaters of the typical Liaoning sea areas. The total concentrations of these CUPs ranged from 16.7 ng·L^-1 to 176.1 ng·L^-1. The samples with high concentrations were collected mostly from the estuary, and the concentrations of CUPs in the western Liaodong Bay were generally higher than those in the northeastern Yellow Sea. Atrazine and triadimenol were the predominant CUPs, and their contribution rates accounted for 56.0% and 34.5%, respectively. The PCA results indicated that six types of CUPs might be caused by the runoff from farmlands and the wastewater discharge from the chemical pesticide factory, and fruit planting could be a substantial contributor to the single component acetochlor. Atrazine and acetochlor posed medium-high ecological risks to the microalgae, while all the seven types of CUPs showed relatively lower risks to invertebrates and fish.