新疆叶尔羌河流域地表水水化学特征及控制因素

本文运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图、饱和指数和离子比例关系等方法分析新疆叶尔羌河流域地表水水化学特征及其控制因素，对流域地表水资源合理开发利用具有重要意义.结果表明，地表水pH范围为7.40~8.33，均值为7.92，整体呈弱碱性.河水、渠水和水库水的溶解性总固体（TDS）均值呈现依次递增的趋势，其中河水的TDS均值为429.24 mg·L^-1，高于世界河流的平均值（115 mg·L^-1）.河水的水化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na和SO₄·HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na·Mg型.渠水的水化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na型.水库水的水化学类型主要为SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca型.叶尔羌河沿程河水TDS呈连续增加趋势，提孜那甫河沿程河水TDS呈连续波动变化，而主要离子的变化趋势较为复杂.地表水体离子主要受岩石风化、蒸发结晶和阳离子交换作用影响，其中岩石风化作用过程中以石膏和岩盐的溶解为主.此外，人类活动对下游地表水水化学组分具有重要影响.

Hydrochemical Characteristic and Their Controlling Factors in the Yarkant River Basin of Xinjiang

In this study, the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water in the Yarkant River Basin of Xinjiang and their controlling factors were analyzed using a Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, saturation index, ion proportional relationship, and other methods. The study has significance to the surface water resources in the basin for development and utilization. The results indicated that the pH of the surface water ranged from 7.40 to 8.33, with a mean value of 7.92, which was weakly alkaline. The mean value of the total dissolved solids (TDS) of the river, canal, and reservoir water exhibited an increasing trend. The TDS mean of the river was 429.24 mg·L^-1, higher than the average value of rivers worldwide (115 mg·L^-1). The hydrochemical types of the river water were predominantly HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na and SO₄·HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na·Mg types, of the canal water was mainly HCO₃·SO₄·Cl-Ca·Na type, and of the reservoir water was mostly the SO₄·Cl-Na·Ca type. The TDS of the river water along the Yarkant River and Tiznap River demonstrated a continuous increase and fluctuation trend, respectively, while the variation of the primary ions was relatively complex. The primary ions of surface water were mostly influenced by rock weathering, evaporation crystallization, and cation exchange, in which gypsum and rock salt were predominantly dissolved in the process of rock weathering. In addition, human activities had significant effects on the chemical composition of the surface water downstream.